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AnaPhy > Chapter 10 - Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

allows cells to communicate with each other

CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers

A

Chemical messengers

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2
Q

controlled release of chemicals from a cell

CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers

A

Secretion

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3
Q

stimulates the cell that originally secreted it

CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers

A

Autocrine

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4
Q

act locally on nearby cells; secreted by one cell type into the extracellular fluid and affect surrounding cells of a different type

CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers

A

Paracrine

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5
Q

activate an adjacent cell

CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers

A

Neurotransmitter

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6
Q

secreted into the bloodstream by certain glands and cells

CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers

A

Endocrine

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7
Q

A sample of these chemical messengers is WBCs during an infection

CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers

A

Autocrine

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8
Q

Affect cells that are distant from their source

CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers

A

Endocrine

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9
Q

A sample of these chemical messengers is WBCs during allergic reactions

CHOICES:
Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmittance, Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine, Secretion, Chemical messengers

A

Paracrine

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10
Q

the chemical messenger that is secreted into the blood

A

Hormones

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11
Q

the effectors

CHOICES:
Target tissue, Hormones, Exocrine glands, Endocrinology, Endocrine system

A

Target tissue

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12
Q

have ducts that carry their secretions to the outside of the body

CHOICES:
Target tissue, Hormones, Exocrine glands, Endocrinology, Endocrine system

A

Exocrine glands

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13
Q

study of the endocrine system

CHOICES:
Target tissue, Hormones, Exocrine glands, Endocrinology, Endocrine system

A

Endocrinology

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14
Q

composed of endocrine gland + endocrine specialized cells

CHOICES:
Target tissue, Hormones, Exocrine glands, Endocrinology, Endocrine system

A

Endocrine system

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15
Q

where hormones produce a coordinated response of the target tissues

CHOICES:
Target tissue, Hormones, Exocrine glands, Endocrinology, Endocrine system

A

Target tissue

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16
Q

regulate almost every physiological process in our body

CHOICES:
Target tissue, Hormones, Exocrine glands, Endocrinology, Endocrine system

A

Hormones

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17
Q

hormones derived from cholesterol

CHOICES:
Thyroid hormones, Steroid hormones, Other hormones, Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones

A

Steroid hormones

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18
Q

derived from the amino acid tyrosine

CHOICES:
Thyroid hormones, Steroid hormones, Other hormones, Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones

A

Thyroid hormones

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19
Q

hormones that are categorized as amino acid derivatives, peptides, or proteins

CHOICES:
Thyroid hormones, Steroid hormones, Other hormones, Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones

A

Other hormones

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20
Q

Nonpolar, and include steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, and fatty acid derivative hormones, such as certain eicosanoids

CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones

A

Lipid-Soluble Hormones

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21
Q

Polar molecules including protein hormones, peptide hormones, and most amino acid derivative hormones

CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones

A

Water-Soluble Hormones

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22
Q

It dissolves in blood

CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones

A

Water-Soluble Hormones

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23
Q

Insoluble in water-based fluids, such as the plasma of blood

CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones

A

Lipid-Soluble Hormones

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24
Q

It travels in the bloodstream attached to binding proteins

CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones

A

Lipid-Soluble Hormones

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25
Q

They do not readily diffuse through the walls of all capillaries - therefore, they tend to diffuse from the blood into tissue spaces more slowly

CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones

A

Water-Soluble Hormones

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26
Q

The life span of ________ ranges from a few days to as long as several weeks.

CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones

A

Lipid-Soluble Hormones

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27
Q

They have relatively short half-lives because they are rapidly degraded by enzymes, called proteases, within the bloodstream

CHOICES:
Lipid-Soluble Hormones, Water-Soluble Hormones

A

Water-Soluble Hormones

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28
Q

Hormones with short half-lives normally have concentrations that change rapidly within the blood and tend to regulate activities that have a rapid onset and short duration. True or False

A

True

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29
Q

Lipid-Soluble Hormones are more stable in blood than others. True or False

A

False - Water-Soluble Hormone

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30
Q

Hormones that circulate in the blood are controlled by ____________

CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli

A

Humoral stimuli

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31
Q

Occurs when a hormone is secreted that, in turn, stimulates the secretion of other hormones

CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli

A

Hormonal stimuli

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32
Q

Neurons release a neurotransmitter into the synapse with the cells that produce the hormone

CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli

A

Neural stimuli

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33
Q

These hormones are sensitive to blood levels of a particular substance, such as glucose, calcium, or sodium

CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli

A

Humoral stimuli

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34
Q

Blood-borne chemicals can directly stimulate the release of some hormones

CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli

A

Humoral stimuli

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35
Q

In some cases, neurotransmitter stimulates the cells to increase hormone secretion

CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli

A

Neural stimuli

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36
Q

Examples of this are hormones from the anterior pituitary gland called tropic hormones

CHOICES:
Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli

A

Hormonal stimuli

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37
Q

This inhibition of hormone release is often when a hormone’s release is sensitive to the presence of a humoral stimulus, there exists a companion hormone whose release is inhibited by the same humoral stimulus

A

Inhibition of hormone release by humoral stimuli

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38
Q

Neurons inhibit targets just as often as they stimulate targets

A

Inhibition of hormone release by neural stimuli

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39
Q

Some hormones prevent the secretion of other hormones, which is a common mode of hormone regulation

A

Inhibition of hormone release by hormonal stimuli

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40
Q

The companion hormone’s effects oppose those of the secreted hormone and counteract the secreted hormone’s action

A

Inhibition of hormone release by humoral stimuli

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41
Q

If the neurotransmitter is inhibitory, the target endocrine gland does not secrete its hormone

CHOICES:
Inhibition of hormone release by neural stimuli, Inhibition of hormone release by humoral stimuli, Inhibition of hormone release by hormonal stimuli

A

Inhibition of hormone release by neural stimuli

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42
Q

stimulates the further secretion of the original hormone

CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback

A

Positive feedback

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43
Q

a self-propagating system

CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback

A

Positive feedback

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44
Q

Hormone production is halted

CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback

A

Negative feedback

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45
Q

the hormone’s secretion is inhibited by the hormone itself once blood levels have reached a certain point

CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback

A

Negative feedback

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46
Q

tropic hormones stimulate the release of other hormones

CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback

A

Positive feedback

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47
Q

may inhibit the action
of other, stimulatory hormones to prevent the secretion of
the hormone in question.

CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback

A

Negative feedback

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48
Q

self-limiting system

CHOICES:
Positive feedback, Negative feedback

A

Negative feedback

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49
Q

where hormones exert action by binding to protein

CHOICES:
Specificity, Receptor site, Target tissue, Receptors

A

Receptors

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50
Q

the tendency of hormones to bind to one type of receptor

CHOICES:
Specificity, Receptor site, Target tissue, Receptors

A

Specificity

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51
Q

a portion of each receptor molecule where a hormone binds

CHOICES:
Specificity, Receptor site, Target tissue, Receptors

A

Receptor site

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52
Q

responding tissue based on the hormone released

CHOICES:
Specificity, Receptor site, Target tissue, Receptors

A

Target tissue

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53
Q

interaction with cell DNA to regulate transcriptions

A

Lipid-soluble hormones bind to nuclear receptors

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54
Q

hormone-receptor complex initiates a response inside the cell (G proteins, cAMP, protein kinase)

A

Water-soluble hormones to membrane-bound receptors

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55
Q

After lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma membrane and bind to their receptors, the hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA to produce a response. True or False

A

True

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56
Q

Combination of the hormone and its receptor forms a translation factor. True or False

A

transcription

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57
Q

__________ receptors that have peptide chains that are anchored in the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane

A

Membrane-bound

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58
Q

Membrane-bound receptors activate responses in three (3) ways. True or False

A

False - 2

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59
Q

Activation of G proteins, or intracellular enzymes, elicits specific responses in cells, including the production of molecules called, __________

A

second messengers

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60
Q

Other receptors directly alter the activity of intracellular enzymes. True or False

A

True

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61
Q

G proteins consist of three (3) subunits where Alpha is the ______, Beta, and Gamma which is the ______

A

largest, smallest

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62
Q

In the ________ state, a guanine diphosphate (GDP) molecule is bound to the (a) subunit of each protein

A

inactive

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63
Q

In ________, guanine triphosphate (GTP) is bound to the (a) subunit

A

active state

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64
Q

Activated (a) subunits of G proteins can alter the activity of enzymes inside the cell. True or False

A

True

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65
Q

Hormones that stimulate the synthesis of second messengers can produce an almost instantaneous response because the second messenger influences the existing enzyme. True or False

A

True

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66
Q

Each receptor produces thousands of second messengers, leading to a ___________ and ultimately amplification of the hormonal signal

A

cascade effect

67
Q

small gland about the size of pea

CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

A

Pituitary gland

68
Q

an important autonomic nervous system and endocrine control center of the brain located inferior to the thalamus

CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

A

Hypothalamus

69
Q

a stalk that connects the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus

CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

A

Infundibulum

70
Q

Controls the functions of many other glands

CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

A

Pituitary gland

71
Q

Secretes hormones that influence growth, kidney function, birth, milk production

CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

A

Pituitary gland

72
Q

made up of epithelial cells derived from the embryonic oral cavity

CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

A

Anterior pituitary

73
Q

master gland

CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

A

Pituitary gland

74
Q

an extension of the brain; composed of nerve cells

CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

A

Posterior pituitary

75
Q

capillary beds and veins that transport the releasing and inhibiting hormones

CHOICES:
Hypothalamus, Infundibulum, Pituitary gland, Adrenal Gland, Posterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary, Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

76
Q

affects body growth by stimulating protein synthesis by increasing gene expression

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Growth hormone

77
Q

promotes synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

78
Q

increase secretion of glucocorticoid hormones

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

79
Q

increases melanin production in melanocytes

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

80
Q

Increases pigmentation
skin

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

81
Q

Increase blood glucose level

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Growth hormone

82
Q

promote ovulation and progesterone production on ovary

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Luteinizing hormone

83
Q

promotes testosterone synthesis and support for sperm cell production in testis

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

84
Q

promotes follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in ovary

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

85
Q

promote development of breast during pregnancy

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Prolactin

86
Q

Promotes sperm cell production in testis

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

87
Q

Stimulates milk production and prolongs progesterone secretion

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Prolactin

88
Q

Increases sensitivity to LH in males

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Prolactin

89
Q

conserves water; constricts blood vessels

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Antidiuretic hormone

90
Q

swift birth; increase uterine contraction; increase milk letdown

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Oxytocin

91
Q

Also known as the love hormone

CHOICES:
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Melanocyte stimulating hormone, Prolactin, Growth hormone, Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone

A

Oxytocin

92
Q

deficiency in GH although normally proportioned

CHOICES:
Gonadotropins, Pituitary dwarf, Diabetes insipidus, insulin-like growth factors, Acromegaly, Gigantism

A

Pituitary dwarf

93
Q

excess GH where exaggerated bone growth occurs

CHOICES:
Gonadotropins, Pituitary dwarf, Diabetes insipidus, insulin-like growth factors, Acromegaly, Gigantism

A

Gigantism

94
Q

abnormally large facial features and hands

CHOICES:
Gonadotropins, Pituitary dwarf, Diabetes insipidus, insulin-like growth factors, Acromegaly, Gigantism

A

Acromegaly

95
Q

Part of the effect of growth hormone is influenced by a group of protein hormones called _______

CHOICES:
Gonadotropins, Pituitary dwarf, Diabetes insipidus, insulin-like growth factors, Acromegaly, Gigantism

A

insulin-like growth factors

96
Q

large production of dilute urine

CHOICES:
Gonadotropins, Pituitary dwarf, Diabetes insipidus, insulin-like growth factors, Acromegaly, Gigantism

A

Diabetes insipidus

97
Q

regulate the growth, development, and functions of the gonads

CHOICES:
Gonadotropins, Pituitary dwarf, Diabetes insipidus, insulin-like growth factors, Acromegaly, Gigantism

A

Gonadotropins

98
Q

made up of two lobes connected by a narrow band

A

Thyroid gland

99
Q

The main function of thyroid hormones is to secrete thyroid hormones, which bind to nuclear receptors in cells and regulate the rate of metabolism in the body. True or False

A

True

100
Q

decreases the rate of bone

CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland

A

Calcitonin

101
Q

increases metabolic rates

CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland

A

Thyroid hormone

102
Q

contains three iodine atoms

CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland

A

Triiodothyronine

103
Q

contains four iodine atoms

CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland

A

Thyroxine/Tetraiodothyronine

104
Q

Essential for normal process of growth

CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland

A

Thyroid hormone

105
Q

where thyroid hormones are synthesized and stored

CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland

A

Thyroid follicles

106
Q

prevents large increase in blood Ca2+ levels

CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland

A

Calcitonin

107
Q

narrow band that connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland

CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland

A

Isthmus

108
Q

Essential for the regulation of blood calcium levels

CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

109
Q

Increases rate of bone, Vitamin D synthesis, and Ca+ levels in the blood

CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

110
Q

Embedded in the posterior wall of the thyroid gland

CHOICES:
Thyroid follicles, Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Isthmus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland

A

Parathyroid gland

111
Q

lack of thyroid hormones

CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism

A

hypothyroidism

112
Q

congenital absence of thyroxine in infants

CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism

A

cretinism

113
Q

hyperthyroidism that results when the immune system produces abnormal proteins

CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism

A

grave disease

114
Q

accumulation of fluid and other molecules in subcutaneous tissue in adults

CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism

A

myxedema

115
Q

the elevated rate of thyroid hormone secretion

CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism

A

hyperthyroidism

116
Q

bulging of the eyes

CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism

A

exophthalmia

117
Q

abnormally high rate of PTH secretion

CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism

A

hyperparathyroidism

118
Q

abnormally low rate of PTH

CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism

A

hypoparathyroidism

119
Q

Prone to kidney stone formation

CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism

A

hyperparathyroidism

120
Q

CHVOSTEK’s sign and TROSSEAU sign

CHOICES:
hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, myxedema, exophthalmia, hyperthyroidism, grave disease, cretinism, hypothyroidism

A

hypoparathyroidism

121
Q

Two (2) small glands located superior to each kidney

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

adrenal glands

122
Q

the inner part of the adrenal glands is called ________

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

adrenal medulla

123
Q

the outer part of the adrenal glands is called ________

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

adrenal cortex

124
Q

adrenaline

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

epinephrine

125
Q

fight-or-flight hormones

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

126
Q

regulates water balance

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

Aldosterone

127
Q

increase fat and protein breakdown

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

Cortisol

128
Q

increases blood flow to skeletal muscles and heart

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

129
Q

male sex hormone that stimulates the development of male sexual characteristics

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

Androgens

130
Q

the primary mineralocorticoid

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

Aldosterone

131
Q

Low blood pressure causes the release of a protein molecule called _______ (protein molecule that acts as an enzyme) from the kidney

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

renin

132
Q

Helps the body in a stressful situation by providing an energy source

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

Cortisol

133
Q

artificial cortisol; anti-inflammatory effect

CHOICES:
Cortisone, Cortisol, renin, Aldosterone, Androgens, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, adrenal gland

A

Cortisone

134
Q

hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones

CHOICES:
Addison’s disease, Hyperaldosteronism, Cushing’s disease, Hirsutism, Pneumothorax

A

Addison’s disease

135
Q

tumor in the middle cortex

CHOICES:
Addison’s disease, Hyperaldosteronism, Cushing’s disease, Hirsutism, Pneumothorax

A

Cushing’s disease

136
Q

hyperactivity of outer cortex

CHOICES:
Addison’s disease, Hyperaldosteronism, Cushing’s disease, Hirsutism, Pneumothorax

A

Hyperaldosteronism

137
Q

masculinization

CHOICES:
Addison’s disease, Hyperaldosteronism, Cushing’s disease, Hirsutism, Pneumothorax

A

Hirsutism

138
Q

promotes immune system development and functions

CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon

A

Thymosin

139
Q

lies in the upper part of the thoracic cavity

CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon

A

Thymus

140
Q

Helps the development of certain WBC (T-cells)

CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon

A

Thymosin

141
Q

inhibits the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone

CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon

A

Melatonin

142
Q

a small, pine cone-shaped structure located superior and posterior to the thalamus of the brain

CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon

A

pineal gland

143
Q

secreted by beta cells

CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon

A

Insulin

144
Q

secreted by delta cells

CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon

A

Somatostatin

145
Q

secreted by alpha cells

CHOICES:
Melatonin, pineal gland, Thymosin, Thymus, Somatostatin, Insulin, Glucagon

A

Glucagon

146
Q

It is important to maintain blood glucose levels within a normal range. True or False

A

True

147
Q

Blood glucose is too low, kidneys produce large volumes of urine containing substantial amounts of glucose. True or False

A

False - low

148
Q

The hormone glucagon responds to the elevated blood glucose levels and increased parasympathetic stimulation associated with digestion of a meal

A

False - insulin

149
Q

Major target tissues for insulin are the live, adipose tissue, muscles, and the area of the hypothalamus that controls appetite called the ________

CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia

A

satiety

150
Q

A disorder in which the body does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin, causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to be abnormally high. Urination and thirst are increased, and people may lose weight even if they are not trying to.

CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia

A

Diabetes Mellitus

151
Q

occurs when too little insulin is secreted from pancreas

CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia

A

DM Type 1

152
Q

caused by insufficient number of insulin receptors

CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia

A

DM Type 2

153
Q

increased appetite/eating

CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia

A

Polyphagia

154
Q

high blood glucose level

CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia

A

Hyperglycemia

155
Q

excessive urination volume

CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia

A

Polyuria

156
Q

excessive thirst

CHOICES:
Diabetes Mellitus, satiety, DM Type 1, DM Type 2, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia

A

Polydipsia

157
Q

main hormone in male

CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes

A

Testosterone

158
Q

Produces sperm cells

CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes

A

testes

159
Q

aid in uterine and mammary gland development and function, external genitalia structure, secondary sexual characteristics, sexual behavior, menstrual cycle

CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

160
Q

Responsible for the growth and development of the male reproductive structures, muscle enlargement, growth of body hair, voice changes, male sexual drive

CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes

A

Testosterone

161
Q

mediate inflammatory responses

CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes

A

Prostaglandins

162
Q

Increase uterine contractions and ovulation

CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes

A

Prostaglandins

163
Q

acts on the bone marrow to increase the production of RBCs

CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes

A

Erythropoietin

164
Q

stimulated production of estrogen and progesterone

CHOICES:
Testosterone, Prostaglandins, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Estrogen, Erythropoietin, Progesterone, testes

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

AnaPhy (18 decks)

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