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PSYC 1104 > chapter 10 - intelligence > Flashcards

chapter 10 - intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

define intelligence

A

the ability to learn, to meet the demands of the environment, and to understand/control mental activities

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2
Q

define metacognition

A

ability to understand and control ones own mental processes (thinking about thinking)

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3
Q

what is factor analysis? what is s factor and g factor?

A

the statistical method for determining if items on a test correlate highly

g factor: general factor of intelligence underlying ALL distinct factors of mental abilities

s factor: specific factor uniquely tied to a distinct ability or area of function

(there are multiple s factors within a g factor)

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4
Q

what are the 7 primary mental abilities that Thurstone identified as the basic components of intelligence?

A
  1. verbal comprehension
  2. word fluency
  3. numeral skill
  4. spacial ability
  5. associative memory
  6. perceptual speed
  7. reasoning

(both g and s factor)

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5
Q

what is Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences?

A

the idea that there is no single unified intelligence, but several independent intelligences arising from different parts of the brain

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6
Q

what did Gardner believe were the 9 basic intelligences?

A
  1. linguistic
  2. logical-mathematical
  3. musical
  4. spacial
  5. bodily-kinesthetic
  6. interpersonal
  7. intrapersonal
  8. naturalistic
  9. existentialist
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7
Q

what are the three components of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence?

A
  1. internal (analytic)
  2. external (creative)
  3. experiential (practical)
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8
Q

what is the internal (analytic) component?

A

internal info-processing, acquiring info, planning, monitoring, and evaluating problems, and following directions (IQ tests)

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9
Q

what is the external (creative) component?

A

ability to think creatively and in novel circumstances or about novel ideas (ignored by IQ tests)

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10
Q

what is the experiential (practical) component?

A

the ability to adapt/improve ones environments, or to select new ones

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11
Q

what is the hierarchal model of intelligence?

A

general abilities -> specific abilities -> more specific behaviors associated

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12
Q

describe Cici’s bioecological model of intelligence?

A

he believed intelligence is a function of interactions among innate potential abilities, environmental context, and internal motivation

(development depends on interaction with the environment)

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13
Q

what is the psychometric approach to measuring intelligence?

A

it measures intelligence with psychological tests and searches for individual differences

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14
Q

what is reliability?

A

the degree to which tests produce the same scores over time

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15
Q

what is test-retest reliability?

A

does an individual get the same scores after taking the test multiple times?

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16
Q

what is split-half reliability?

A

if you divide items on one test into two, are the results of both tests relatively the same?

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17
Q

what is inter-rater reliability?

A

do different scorers give the same test the same score?

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18
Q

what is validity?

A

the extent to which a test accurately predicts what it is supposed to predict

19
Q

what is content validity?

A

if the content of the test represents what it is intended to

20
Q

what is a validity coefficient?

A

measures validity by correlating test scores with some external criterion

21
Q

what is predictive validity?

A

extent to which a test predicts things it is supposed to

21
Q

can a test be reliable without being valid?

A

yes

22
Q

can a test be valid without being reliable?

A

no

23
Q

what is the mean, median and mode?

A

mean: the average score
median: the middle point
mode: occurs most frequently

(all the same in a normal distribution)

24
Q

what was the original purpose of the Binet Simon Intelligence tests?

A

it was a placement test for schools, and scores were given in “mental age”

25
Q

what was Galton’s theory of psychophysical performance?

A

he believed that some people were more intelligent than others due to increased psychic energy (mental/psychological), and heightened sensitivity to stimuli

26
Q

what did Terman do with the Binet Simon intelligence test?

A

he brought it into the USA, and adapted it to yield an intelligence quotent

27
Q

what is an intelligence quotent?

A

a measure of intelligence, ratio of mental age to chronological age x 100

28
Q

what was the problem with IQ tests in regards to the eugenics movement?

A

Terman believed his IQ tests could determine individuals “fitness” to reproduce

29
Q

how did Wechsler change IQ tests to make them more fair?

A

He developed less verbal tests to be more fair for non-English speakers, and replaced IQ with a standardized score

30
Q

what are the three tests Wechsler created?

A

WAIS: wechsler adult intelligence scale
WPPSI: wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence
WISC: wechsler intelligence scale for children

31
Q

what is a stereotype threat?

A

poor performance due to fear of conforming to stereotypes

32
Q

what is the Flynn effect?

A

the observed rise in IQ scores in the world over time

33
Q

what are some possible reasons for the Flynn effect?

A

more test familiarity, improvements in education and nutrition, reduction in disease, more stimulating environments

34
Q

why is evolution NOT an explanation for the Flynn effect?

A

because these changes are happening too fast to be considered a result of human evolution

35
Q

define emotional intelligence

A

the ability to perceive, express, assimilate and regulate emotion

36
Q

what are the four main branches of emotional intelligence according to the Multi Factor Emotional Intelligence Scale?

A

perceiving, facilitating, understanding, and managing emotion

37
Q

define social intelligence

A

the ability to get along with others

38
Q

define wisdom

A

ability to make sound judgements and choose the best course of action - associated with life experience, not always age

39
Q

define creativity

A

ability to produce ideas both original and valuable

40
Q

what is convergent/divergent thinking?

A

convergent: focuses on reaching one defined solution
divergent: many innovative solutions to a problem

41
Q

define heritability

A

the extent to which differences among people/groups are due to genetics

42
Q

what is a heritability coefficient?

A

it is used to indicate the contribution of heredity to some characteristic (for intelligence = 0.50)

43
Q

what is reaction range?

A

upper/lower levels of intelligence or other outcomes made possible by genetic nature (genes set limits for intelligence)

PSYC 1104 (7 decks)

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