Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 1104 > chapter 14 - stress, coping, and health > Flashcards

chapter 14 - stress, coping, and health Flashcards

1
Q

define stress

A

a state brought on by situations that threatens or appears to threaten our sense of well-being or challenges our ability to cope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define a stressor

A

a situation or circumstance that triggers a stress response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define an acute stressor

A

acute stressors are stressful situations that is short-term and has a definitive endpoint (e.g. final exam period)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define a chronic stressor

A

a stressor that is long term, lacks a definitive endpoint (e.g. living in poverty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the two factors that stress is typically caused/mediated by?

A

threat perception and appraisal of ability to cope (how well we think we can handle a situation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the ways in which you can experience stress?

A
  1. feeling frustrated
  2. feeling conflicted
  3. feeling pressured
  4. feeling endangered
    cepf
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define frustration

A

the feeling experienced when we are thwarted in pursuit of a goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define pressure

A

the expectation or demand to act in a certain way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is pressure to conform vs pressure to perform?

A

conform: to act in a way which is expected
perform: to do well and succeed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define conflict

A

when two or more goals or impulses are incompatible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is approach-approach conflict?

A

when you have to choose between two equally desirable options (e.g. 2 good job offers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is approach-avoidance conflict?

A

when one choice has both pros and cons (e.g. good job offer but you need to relocate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is avoidance-avoidance conflict?

A

when you have to choose between two equally undesirable options (e.g. bad job offer or unemployment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe daily hassles (micro-stressors)

A

everyday annoyances that can contribute to high stress levels (with the cumulative effect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the Daily Hassles Scale?

A

it measures how many daily hassles a person has experienced in the last month and asks them to rate how stressful each of them felt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the relationship between change and illness?

A

the more life changes a person experiences the higher their risk of illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are some of the most common stressors in adulthood?

A

death of spouse, divorce, jail terms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are some of the most common stressors as university students?

A

death of a loved one, exams, grad school, being the victim of a crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are some of the most common stressors in childhood?

A

tests, homework, being left out, being bullied (physical illness is less important from 5-12)

20
Q

define post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

an anxiety disorder that develops in response to trauma
- can involve lingering, persistent, and frightening thoughts, memories, dreams of the event

21
Q

what are chronic negative situations?

A

living in a war zone, poverty, chronic illness, negative home life, etc.

22
Q

what is the stereotype threat?

A

a person of a minority group having vigilance when interacting with majority groups

23
Q

what is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

it controls the body’s fight-or-flight response and stimulates organs

24
Q

describe the HPA pathway of the flight-or-flight response

A
  • hypothalamus
  • pituitary gland (releases ACTH)
  • adrenal cortex (releases cortisol)
  • increases blood sugar, metabolism -> increased energy
25
Q

describe the SNS pathway of the flight-or-flight response

A
  • sympathetic nervous system
  • stimulates the adrenal medulla (releases norepinephrine and epinephrine)
  • causes a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, muscle tension - > increased energy
26
Q

what are the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome by Selye?

A
  1. alarm (fight-or-flight activates)
  2. resistance (body attempts to stabilize itself, becomes vulnerable to illness)
  3. exhaustion (depleted of energy)
27
Q

what is primary appraisal?

A

analyzing a stressor to determine the severity of it

28
Q

what is secondary appraisal?

A

analyzing personal resources and our ability to deal with a stressor

29
Q

what are the four factors that influence our individual responses to stress

A
  1. autonomic reactivity (how easily autonomic nervous system is activated)
  2. explanatory style (the manner in which we explain events - optimistic or pessimistic)
  3. personality type
  4. social support
30
Q

what is an optimistic brand of pessimism?

A

expecting things to go wrong but hoping they won’t

31
Q

what is a defensive pessimist?

A

anticipate negative outcomes to protect themselves but holds out hope that things will go right

32
Q

what is a hardy-stress resistant personality?

A

a person who welcomes change, willingness to commit and take control of life

33
Q

what are the different personality types?

A

type a: competitiveness, impatience, anger, hostility (coronary-prone personality)
type b: less aggressive and hostile than type a
type c: has difficulty expressing and acknowledging negative feelings
type d: worry, gloominess, social inhibition

34
Q

what is opening-up meditation?

A

clearing the mind, seeking new experiences, envisioning oneself in another body

35
Q

what is concentrative meditation?

A

concentrating on a mantra (word, object, phrase, idea)

36
Q

what is lashing out?

A

hurting someone intentionally, harms social network

37
Q

what is a repressive coping style?

A

denying negative emotions and trying to push them out of awareness, masking stress without doing anything to fix it

38
Q

what is problem-focused coping?

A

dealing directly with the stressor, changing it in some way (e.g. studying when stressed out about an exam)

39
Q

what is emotion-focused coping?

A

changing feelings about a stressor (e.g. focusing on the positives, altering mindset) (aka. cognitive reappraisal)

40
Q

what are psychosomatic and psychosocial disorders?

A

they are caused by an interaction between psychological factors (stress) and biological factors (e.g. asthma, ulcers, heart disease, migraines)

41
Q

what is psychoneuroimmunology?

A

it studies the links between stress, the immune system and health

42
Q

what are lymphocytes?

A

white blood cells that destroy foreign invaders, part of the immune system

43
Q

what is the function of norepinephrine?

A

it increases lymphocyte activity in low stress, but lowers it in prolonged stress

44
Q

what is the function of cortisol?

A

lowers immune system functioning in high stress situations, but increases it in low stress situations

45
Q

what do cytokines do?

A

in low/early stress, fights infection
in high stress, causes inflammation, heart disease, stroke

46
Q

what is distress vs eustress?

A

distress: caused by unpleasant situations
eustress: the optimal level of stress to benefit health

47
Q

what is inoculation?

A

exposure to low stress to improve later performance in more stressful situations (e.g. military training)

PSYC 1104 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions