Chapter 10: Motivation Flashcards
Theory of Instinct
Charles Darwin and innate behavior, individual differences, cultural differences
Theory of Drive
everything is an attempt to conserve homeostasis, decrease tensions, and limitations (cognitive, emotional, social)
- hunger motivation: cues (on your 5 senses), time (eating habits), location, overeating (availability, diversity, sizes), short-term appetite (glucostatic hypothesis, hypothalamus, stomach distention, food preferences), long-term energy balance (ghrelin, leptin, and set-point theories)
Physiological and Psychological Arousal
testosterone - men have 10x more than women
oxytocin - women have 10x more than men
Sexual Selection
men - a primal need to spread genes, tend to experience higher arousal with more “hormonal” mates (such as larger breasts, wider hips, body fat), less likely to care for children without their own bloodline
women - a primal need to invest in limited offspring, don’t compete for males, picky about genetics and resources in mates
Sexual Orientation and the Kinsey Scale
Kinsey’s scale argues that most people are somewhat bisexual and orientation is a spectrum instead of black and white categories
Self-Determination and Ryan & Deci
autonomy - starts in childhood and strengthens with age, becomes POWER
competence - wanting to show people you are capable, becomes ACHIEVEMENT
relatedness - wanting to feel connected, becomes INTIMACY
Power Motivation
influential - the good vs. evil
competitive - only care about outcome and reception, not about the process
civic engagement - wanting to be recognized and praised
Achievement Motivation
standards of excellence - tasks, self-competition, competition with others
achievement motivated - moderate challenge, feedback, personal responsibility
Self-Actualization and Maslow
primary focus: security and safety
secondary focus: self-esteem and belonging
peak focus: self-actualization
if you have all 3, you have transcended into the highest sense of conscience
Anger
obstacles to success, gaining power and control, the theme of heat and temperature
Contempt
judging others as inferior, resentment, social judgments, maintenance of social hierarchy, intended alienation
Disgust
repulsion can be biological, triggers involuntary actions, can be conditioned or unconditioned
Fear
threat, functionally important emotion, seeking protection, many involuntary physical responses
Sadness
loss and failure, reflection, support, the hardest emotion to cope with
Surprise
a novelty/short-lived emotion, information gaining, similarities to fear but more positive
