Chapter 10 (Muscle Tissue)

Question 1

Muscle FIbers are bundled within a

Answer 1

fascicle

Question 2

There are ___ layers of skeletal muscle C.T. wrappings, they are___

Answer 2

3
1)Epimysium (Outermost layer… Dense Ireg.)
2)Perimysium(white spidering structure Dense Ireg.)
3)Endomysium (Inner most…Areolar)

Question 3

There are ___ types of fascia, they are ___

Answer 3

two

1)Deep (separates individual muscles)
2) Superficial (Separates muscle From skin)

Question 4

Skeletal is ___ and has extensive ___

Answer 4

vascularized
blood vessels

Question 5

A muscle cell consists of ___ parts, they are ___

Answer 5

3
1) Sarcoplasm (cytoplasm)
2) Multiple nuclei
3) Sarcolemma (plasma membrane)

Question 6

Muscle fibers are __ cell

Answer 6

one

Question 7

Sodium which is __ charged, is the main excitatory ion.

Answer 7

positively

Question 8

Potassium ___ down and restores the _____

Answer 8

resting membrane potential

Question 9

The Terminal cisternae holds onto ___

Answer 9

calcium

Question 10

Calcium binds to ___(2)

Answer 10

calmodulin
Calsequestrin

Question 11

the pneumonic device for terminal cisternae is ___

Answer 11

treasure chest

Question 12

Myoglib (which is a protein) holds ____

Answer 12

extra oxygen in muscle cells

Question 13

When a motor neuron fires there is the _____ principle (everything or nothing has to contract)

Answer 13

all or none

Question 14

A.C.H. diffused across cleft, binds to receptors, excites Fiber

Answer 14

ok

Question 15

When thinking about muscles… the configeration of them goes ___(5)

Answer 15

1)Terminal Cisterae (holds calcium)
2)cytosol
3)T-tubule (voltage sensitive…green main tube that carries charge
4)Cytosol
5)Terminal Cistertae

Question 16

Myofilaments are __ proteins. There are two types which are ___

Answer 16

1)contractile
2)thick (Myosin….which has myosin heads)
3)thin (twisted strand of actin that has an myosin binding site)

Question 17

What are the two regulatory proteins in thin filaments ___

Answer 17

1) tropomyosin
2) troponin

Question 18

Myofilaments are arranged in repeating units called __. They are delineated at both ends by ___

Answer 18

sarcomeres
Z discs

Question 19

Sarcomere runs from ____ to ____. The ___ is the length of the thick filament. The ____ is on either side of the A band.

Answer 19

z disc
A band (thick filaments)
I band (only contains thin filament)

Question 20

The ___ is the central portion of the A band

Answer 20

H zone

Question 21

The ___ is the middle of the H zone

Answer 21

M line

Question 22

__ stabilized the thick filaments

Answer 22

Connection (green spiral)

Question 23

A ___ controls muscle fibers

Answer 23

motor unit

Question 24

Small motor units allow for ___

Answer 24

precise control of force output

Question 25

The gates that release calcium are voltage ____

Answer 25

sensitive

Question 26

progression of neuromuscular junction

Answer 26

1) neuron excites muscle fiber by sending a nerve signal down and propagating calcium into the synaptic knob 2) calcium-binding causes vesicles to merge with the plasma membrane and ACh is exocytosed into synaptic cleft 4) ACH diffuses across the synaptic cleft to bind with ACh receptors.

Question 27

The sarcolemma of an unstimulated skelatal muscle fiber a a RMP of ___

Answer 27

-90mv

Question 28

Depolarization occurs as the ___

Answer 28

voltage-gated NA+ channels open and sodium enters

Question 29

Repolarization occurs when the voltage-gated sodium channels close and sodium ____

Answer 29

moves out of the cell

Question 30

tetanus is caused by the toxin

Answer 30

clostridium tetani (blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter)

Question 31

Botulism is caused by

Answer 31

clostridium botulinum (prevents the release of ACh at synaptic knobs

Question 32

3 ways to create ATP

Answer 32

1) creatine phosphate 2) Glycolysis 3) Aerobic cellular respiration

Question 33

When there is low oxygen available lactate forms from __

Answer 33

pyruvate (this is called lactate dehydrogenase)

Question 34

Oxidative fibers that are fatigue-resistand are

Answer 34

red

Question 35

glycolytic fibers which are fatigable are

Answer 35

white fibers

Question 36

the three types of skeletal fibers are

Answer 36

1)slow oxidative 2) fast oxidative 3) fast glycolytic

Question 37

Answer 37

ok

Question 38

Recruitment is also called

Answer 38

multiple motor unit summation

Question 39

Answer 39

ok

Question 40

Isometric contraction

Answer 40

tension is increased by insuffcient to overcome resistance (baby)

Question 41

Isotonic contraction

Answer 41

overcomes resistance

Question 42

The tension a mucle produces depends on

Answer 42

the length at time of stimulation

Question 43

Hypertrophy is when

Answer 43

muscle increases in size

Question 44

atrophy is when

Answer 44

muscles decrease in size due to lack of use

Question 45

calmodulin is a

Answer 45

protein that binds calcium to trigger contraction

Question 46

myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK):

Answer 46

enzyme that phosphorylates myosin heads when activated by calmodulin

Question 47

myosin light-chain phosphatase

Answer 47

enzyme that dephosphorylates myosin head (required for relaxation)

Question 48

Myogenic response

Answer 48

is contraction in reaction to stretch

Question 49

Stress-relaxation response

Answer 49

is relaxation after prolonged stretch