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Anatomy & Physiology Lecture > Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Types of muscle tissue

A
  • skeletal
  • cardiac
  • smooth
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2
Q

skeletal muscle tissue

how does it attach?

A
  • attaches to bones by tendons + aponeuroses
  • striated and voluntary
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3
Q

cardiac muscle tissue

what does it form?

A
  • forms wall of heart
  • striated + involuntary
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4
Q

smooth muscle tissue

where is it located?

A
  • located in walls of hollow organs
  • nonstriated + involuntary
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5
Q

functions of muscle tissue (4)

A
  1. produce body movements
  2. posture
  3. produce heat
  4. moves substances along passageways
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6
Q

properties of muscle tissue

A
  • electrical excitability
  • constractility
  • extensibility
  • elasticity
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7
Q

electrical excitability

A
  • responds to electrical disturbance sacross its plasma membraane
  • can produce electrical signals in form of APS
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8
Q

contractility

A

ability to shorten and generate force to do work

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9
Q

extensibility

A

ability to be stretched without damaging tissue

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10
Q

elasticity

A

ability to return to original shape after contraction

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11
Q

each skeletal muscle is composed of many individual cells called

A

fibers aka monocyte

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12
Q

fascia

description

function

A

tough sheet of fibrous CT that surrounds every organ, muscle, bone, blood vessel

  • forms 3D web down to cellular level
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13
Q

superficial fascia

what does it contain?

function

A

contains white and yellow fibers embedded in ground substance

  • seperates muscles from skin
  • stores fat
  • protects from trauma
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14
Q

deep fascia

function

A

covers, divides and protects muscles with similar function

  • lines body walls + limbs
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15
Q

what are trigger points?

A

tight connective tissue adhesions within the deep fascia that can cause local and referred pain

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16
Q

tendon

ability to?

attaches

A

tough band of fibrous CT usually connects muscle to periosteum

  • withstands great tension
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17
Q

Aponeurosis

description

A

layer of flat broad tendons that is shiny, white, not good blood/nerve supply

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18
Q

connective tissue membranes of the muscle

A

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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19
Q

epimysium

A

covers entire muscle mass

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20
Q

perimysium

A

individual muscle fibers are arranged in fascicles

  • each fascicle surrounded by a CT membrane (perimysium)
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21
Q

endomysium

A

surrounds each fiber within the fascicle

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22
Q

what happens to mesenchymal cells during embryonic development?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. mesenchymal cells
  2. myoblasts
  3. myotubes
  4. mature muscle fibers; actin and myosin appears in myotubes
23
Q

what are skeletal muscle fibers covered by?

24
Q

what is mitochondria in a muscle cell?

25
muscle fibers descrption what do they contain?
* multi-nucleated * contain: t. tubules, sarcoplasm, myofibrils, sarcoplasmic reticulum
26
T-tubules descrption function
tiny invagination of the sarcolemma * how AP reaches the interior of cell
27
sarcoplasm description has large amounts of what? why?
muscle cell cytoplasm that contains a large amount of glycogen for energy production and myoglobin for oxygen storage
28
myofibrils what do they consist of?
thin/thick myofilaments * contractile organelles of muscle cell
29
sarcoplasmic reticulum where is it found? what does it store?
encircles each myofibril and stores calcium ions
30
muscular atrophy description
decrease in muscle mass * can be partial or complete * becomes weaker * found in association with cancer, AIDS, heart disease, lung disease
31
muscular hypertrophy description
increase in the diameter of muscle fibers due to increase in cell size * not pathological
32
hyperplasia
pathological increase in cell #
33
can muscle cells regenerate?
no
34
ways to grow muscle in size
sarcoplasmic increase in amount (not in strengh) or myofibrils increase in # (strength and size)
35
what are sacromeres?
the functional units of a myofibril
36
parts of sarcomeres (4)
* A bands: darker; consist of thick filaments. Length of myosin filaments * I bands: lighter, consist of thin filaments only * Z disc or line: passes through the center of the I band. Marks individual sacromeres * H zone: center of each A band. Contains thick filaments
37
how do thick filaments attach to Z discs?
titin filaments
38
what generates force during contraction?
contractile proteins
39
myosin function
main component of thick filaments * functions as a motor protein
40
actin function
main component of thin filaments * binds to the myosin head for the sliding together of filaments
41
torpomyosin and toponin function
part of thin filaments and occupy active sites on F actin helix
42
what keeps thick and thin filaments in alignment and give myofibrils elasticity + extensibility?
structural proteins
43
titin function
anchors thick filaments to the Z disc
44
myomesin function
anchors thick filaments to adjacent filaments at the M line
45
neublin function
binds the thin filaments to the Z disc
46
what happens when a muscle contracts? Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
* thin filaments slide past the thick filaments bringing the Z lines together * sarcomeres shorten * filaments do not change in length * causes shortening of the muscle fiber
47
what will happen to muscle contraction withoutu calcium ions?
after the original shortening, nothing will happen
48
how do calcium ions increase and decrease contraction?
increase: initiates muscle contraction decrease: stops it
49
what does the SR do in response to depolarization of the sarcolemma?
releases stored calcium ions into the sarcoplasm
50
active transpo processes return _______ to the \_\_\_\_\_
calcium ions to the SR
51
rigor mortis how does it occur?
state of muscular rigidity following death * SR becomes extremely leaky to calcium ions and muscles lack ATP to split the myosin-actin cross bridges that will release them from contraction
52
neuromuscular junction
where interaction between a somatic neuron and skeletal muscle fiber take place
53
synapse description
region (gap) of communication btwn 2 neurons or neuron + target cell * dont allow direct contact btwn muscle cells and neurons * neurotransmitters + enzymes required
54
acetylcholine ACh
neurotransmitter at a neuromuscular junction

Anatomy & Physiology Lecture (25 decks)

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