Chapter 10-Muscles Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
Mouth Region
A
s
2
Q
Buccinator
A
Origin: alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible opposite the molar teeth
Insertion: blens into fibers of orbicularis oris
Action: compresses cheeks
Innervation: Facial Nerve (N 8)
3
Q
Mentalis
A
Origin: incisive fossa of mandible
Insertion: skin of chin
Action: elevates, everts and protrudes lower lip
4
Q
Orbicularis Oris
A
Origin: Maxila and mandible
Insertion: Lips
Action: compresses, purses lips
5
Q
Risorius
A
Origin: fascia surrounding parotid salivary gland
Insertion: angle of mouth
Action: Draws corner of mouth laterally
6
Q
Zygomaticus Major
A
Origin: zygomatic bone near the zygomaticotemporal suture
I: angle of mouth
A: elevates corner of mouth and draws it laterally
7
Q
Eye
A
s
8
Q
Orbicularis Oculi
A
Origin: Medial margin of orbit
Insertion: skin around eyelids
Action: closes eye
Innervation: facial nerve (N 7)
9
Q
Scalp
A
s
10
Q
Occipitofrontalis: frontal belly
A
Origin:epicranial aponeurosis
Insertion: Skin of eyebrow and bridge of nose
Action: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
11
Q
Occipitofrontalis: occipital belly
A
Origin: superior nuchal line and adjacent region of mastoid portion of the temporal bone
Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis
Action: tenses and retracts scalp
12
Q
Temporoparietalis
A
Origin: fascia around external ear
Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis
Action: tenses scalp, moves auricle of ear
13
Q
Muscles of Mastication
A
s
14
Q
Masseter
A
Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: lateral surface and angle of mandibular ramus
Action: elevates mandible and closes jaws; assists in protracting and retracting mandible and moving mandible side to side
Innervation: trigeminal nerve (N 5), mandibular branch
15
Q
Temporalis
A
Origin: along temporal lines of skull
Insertion: coronoid process of mandible and the anterior border of the mandibular ramus
Action: along temporal lines of skull
16
Q
Anterior muscles of neck
A
s
17
Q
Digastric
A
Insertion: hyoid bone
Action: depresses mandible, opening mouth, and/or elevates larynx
18
Q
Digastric: anterior belly
A
origin: from inferior surface of mandible at chin
Insertion: hyoid bone
action: presses mandible, opening mouth, and/or elevates larynx
innervation: trigeminal nerve (N 5), mandibular branch
19
Q
digastric; posterior belly
A
origin: from mastoid region of temporal bone
insertion: hyoid bone
action: depresses mandible, opening mouth, and/or elevates larynx
innervation: facial nerve (N 7)
20
Q
Geniohyoid
A
Origin: medial surface of mandible at chin
Insertion: hyoid bone
Action: as above and retracts hyoid bone
21
Q
mylohyoid
A
origin: mylohyoid line of mandible
insertion: median connective tissue band that runs to hyoid bone
action: elevates floor or mouth, elevates hyoid bone, and/or depresses mandible
22
Q
sternohyoid
A
origin: clavicle and manubrium
Insertion: hyoid bone
Action: depresses hyoid bone and larynx
Innervation: cervical spinal nerves C1-C3
23
Q
sternothyroid
A
origin: dorsal surface of manubrium and first costal cartilage
insertion: thyroid cartilage of larynx
action: depresses hyoid bone and larynx
24
Q
sternocleidomastoid: clavicular head
A
origin: attaches to sternal end of clavical
insertion: mastoid region of skull and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
Action: together, they flex the neck; alone one side bends neck toward shoulder and turns face to opposite side
25
sternocleidomastoid: sternal head
origin: attaches to sternal end of clavicle
Insertion: mastoid region of skull and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
Action: together, they flex the neck; alone one side bends neck toward shoulder and turns face to opposite side
26
Thyrohyoid
origin: thyroid cartilage of larynx
Insertion: hyoid bone
action: elevates larynx, depresses hyoid bone
27
OBLIQUE GROUP
s
28
Thoracic region
external intercostals, internal intercostals
29
external intercostals
origin: inferior border of each rib
insertion: superior border of more inferior rib
Action: elevate ribs
Innervation: intercostal nerves (branches of thoracic spinal nerves)
30
internal intercostals
origin: superior border of each rib
insertion: inferior border of the more superior rib
action: depress ribs
31
Serratus posterior: inferior
origin: aponeurosis from spinous processes of T10-L3
insertion: inferior borders of ribs 9-12
action: pulls ribs inferiorly; also pulls outward, opposing diaphragm
32
Abdominal region
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominus
33
external oblique
origin: external and inferior borders of ribs 5-12
insertion: external oblique aponeuroses extending to linea alba and iliac crest
action: compresses abdomen; depresses ribs; flexes, laterally flexes, or rotates vertebral column to opposite side
34
internal oblique
origin: thoracolumbar fascia, inguinal ligament, iliac crest
insertion: inferior surfaces of ribs 9-12, costal cartilages 8-10, linea alba, pubis
action: compresses abdomen; depresses ribs; flexes, laterally flexes, or rotates vertebral column to same side
35
transversus abdominus
origin: cartilages of ribs 6-12, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: linea alba and pubis
action: compresses abdomen
36
RECTUS GROUP
S
37
Diaphragm
origin: xiphoid process, ribs 7-12 and associated costal cartilages, and anterior surfaces of lumbar vertebrae
insertion: central tendinous sheet
action: contraction expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominopelvic cavity
innervation: phrenic nerves (C3-C5)
38
Rectus Abdominus
origin: superior surface of pubis around symphysis
insertion: inferior surfaces of cartilages (ribs 5-7) and xiphoid process of sternum
action: depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen
39
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: anterior surfaces and superior margins of ribs 3-5 or 2-4 and the fascia covering the associated external intercostal muscles
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Action: depresses and protracts shoulder; rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves inferiorly (downward rotation); elevates ribs if scapula is stationary
40
Rhomboid major
origin: ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of vertebrae T2 to T5
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
Action: adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula
41
Rhomboid minor
origin: spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula
Action: adducts and performs downward rotation of the scapula
42
Serratus Anterior
origin: anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8, 1-9, or 1-10
Insertion:anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
Action: protracts shoulder; rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves superiorly (upward rotation)
43
Subclavius
Origin: first rib
Insertion: Clavicle (inferior border of middle 1/3)
Action: Depresses and protracts shoulder
44
Trapezius
origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: clavicle and scapula (acromion and scapular spine)
Action: depends on active region and state of other muscles; may elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward and/or clavicle; can also extend neck when the position of the shoulder is fixed
45
muscles that position the pectoral girdle
```
pectoralis minor
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
serratus anterior
subclavius
trapezius
```
46
muscles that move the arm
s
47
coracobrachialis
origin: coracoid process
insertion: medial margin of shaft of humerus
action: adduction and flexion at shoulder
48
deltoid
origin: clavicle and scapula (acromion and adjacent scapular spine)
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
action: whole muscle: abduction of shoulder; anterior part: flexion and medial rotation of humerus; posterior part: extension and lateral rotation of humerus
innervation: axillary nerve (C5-C7)
49
supraspinatus
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: abduction at shoulder
insertion: suprascapular nerve (C5)
50
infraspinatus
origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: lateral rotation at shoulder
51
subscapularis
origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
action: medial rotation at shoulder
52
teres major
origin: inferior angle of scapula
insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
action: extension and medial rotation at shoulder
53
teres minor
origin: lateral border of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: lateral rotation and adduction at shoulder
54
latissimus dorsi
origin: spinous processes of inferior thoracic and all lubar and sacral vertebrae, ribs 8-12, and thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
action: extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder
55
pectoralis major
origin: cartilages or ribs 2-6, body of sternum, and inferior, medial portion of clavicle
insertion: crest of greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
action: flexion, adduction, medial rotation at shoulder
innervation: pectoral nerves (C5-T1)
56
muscles that move the forearm and hand
s
57
action at the elbow, flexors
s
58
biceps brachii
origin:
- short head from the coracoid process
- long head from the supraglenoid tubercle (on scapula)
insertion: radial tuberosity
action: flexion at elbow and shoulder, supination
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)
59
brachialis
origin: distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus
insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process
action: flexion at elbow
60
brachioradialis
origin: ridge superior to the lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: lateral aspect of styloid process of radius
action: flexion at elbow
61
action at the elbow, extensors
s
62
anconeus
origin: posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: lateral margin of olecranon and ulnar shaft
action: extension at elbow
63
triceps brachii: lateral head
origin: superior, lateral margin of humerus
insertion: olecranon of ulna
action: extension at elbow
innervation: radial nerve (C6-C8)
64
triceps brachii: long head
origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
insertion: olecranon of ulna
action: extension at elbow and extension/adduction at shoulder
innervation: radial nerve (C6-C8)
65
triceps brachii: medial head
origin: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
insertion: olecranon of ulna
action: extension at elbow
innervation: radial nerve (C6-C8)
66
action at the wrist, flexors
s
67
flexor carpi radialis
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: bases of second and third metacarpal bones
action: flexion and abduction at wrist
68
flexor carpi ulnaris
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus; adjacent medial surface of olecranon and anteromedial portion of ulna
insertion: pisiform, hamate, and base of fifth metacarpal bone
action: flexion and adduction at wrist
innervation: ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
69
palmaris longus
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: palmar aponeurosis and flecor retinaculum
action: flexion at wrist
70
action at the wrist, extensors
s
71
extensor carpi radialis longus
origin: lateral spracondylar ridge of humerus
insertion: base of second metacarpal bone
action: extension and abduction at wrist
innervation: radial nerve (C6-C7)
72
extensor carpi radialis brevis
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: base of third metacarpal bone
action: extension and abduction at wrist
73
extensor carpi ulnaris
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus; adjacent dorsal surface of ulna
insertion: base of fifth metacarpal bone
action: extension and adduction at wrist
74
action at the elbow, pronators/supinators
s
75
pronator teres
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and cornoid process of ulna
insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius
action: pronates forearm and hand by medial rotation of radius at radioulnar joints and flexion of elbow
76
supinator
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and ridge near radial notch of ulna
insertion: anterolateral surface of radius distal to the radial tuberosity
action: supinates forearm and hand by lateral rotation of radius at radioulnar joints
77
muscles that move the hand and fingers
s
78
extensor digitorum
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: posterior surfaces of the phalanges, digits 2-5
A: extension at finger joints and wrist
79
flexor digitorum superficialis
O: medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna and adjacent anterior surfaces of ulna and radius
I: to bases of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexiion at proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and wrist joints
I: median nerve (C7-T1)
80
flexor digitorum profundus
O: medial and posterior surfaces of ulna, medial surfaces of coronoid process, and interosseous membrane
I: bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexion at distal interphalangeal joints, and to a lesser degree, proximal interphalangeal joints and wrist
81
flexor pollicis longus
O: anterior shaft of radius, interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: flexion at joints of thumb
82
Muscles that move the thigh: gluteal group
s
83
Gluteus Maxiumus
O: iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, and lateral surface of ilium; sacrum, coccyx, and thoracolumbar facia
I: iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
A: extension and lateral rotation at hip; helps stabiliza the extended knee; abduction at the hip (superior fibers only)
I: inferior gluteal nerve: (L5-S2)
84
gluteus medius
O: anterior iliac crest, lateral surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: abduction and medial rotation at hip
85
gluteus minimus
O: lateral surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter of feumr
A: abduction and medial rotation at hip
86
tensor fasciae latae
O: iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine
I: iliotibial tract
A: abduction and medial rotation at hip; extension and lateral rotation at knee; tenses fasciae latae, which laterally supports the knee
87
lateral rotator group of muscles that move thigh
s
88
quadratus femoris
O: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest of femur
A: lateral rotation of hip
89
piriformis
O: anterolateral surface of sacrum
I: greater trochanter of femur
A: lateral rotation and abduction of hip; help to maintain stability and integrity of the hip
90
adductor group of hip muscles
s
91
adductor longus
O:inferior ramus of pubis, anterior to adductor brevis
I: linea aspera of femur
A: adduction, flexion, and medial rotation at hip
92
gracilis
O: inferior ramus of pubis
I: medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condule
A: flexion and medial rotation at knee; adduction and medial rotation at hip
I: obturator nerve (L3-L4)
93
iliopoas group of hip muscles
s
94
iliacus
O: iliac fossa
I: femur distal to lesser trochanter; tendon fused with that of psoas major
A: flexion at hip and/or lumbar intervertebral joints
95
muscles that move the leg: flexors of the knee
s
96
biceps femoris
O: ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur
I: head of fibula, lateral condule of tibia
A: flexion at knee; extension and lateral rotation at hip
97
semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: posterior surface of medial condule of tibia
A: flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip
I: sciatic nerve (tibial portion, L5-S2)
98
semitendanosus
O: ischial tuberosity
I: proximal, medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity
A: flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip
99
sartorius
O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: medial surface of tibia near tibial tuberosity
A: flexion at knee; abduction, flexion, and lateral rotation at hip
I: femoral nerve (L2-L3)
100
popliteus
O: lateral condyle of femur
I: posterior surface of proximal tibial shaft
A: medial rotation of tibia (or lateral rotation of femur) at knee; flexion at knee
101
Extensors of the knee
s
102
rectus femoris
O: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior acetabular rim of ilium
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament
A: extension at knee; flexion at hip
I: femoral nerve (L2-L4)
103
vastus intermedius
O: anterolateral surface of femur and linea asperal (distal half)
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella and patellar ligament
A: extension at knee
104
vastus lateralis
O: anterior and inferior to greater trochanter of femur and along linea aspera (proximal half)
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella and patellar ligament
A: extension at knee
105
vastus medialis
O: entire length of linea aspera of femur
I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella and patellar ligament
A: extension at knee
106
Extrinsic muscles that move the foot and toes: dorsiflexors
s
107
tibialis anterior
O:lateral condule and proximal shaft of tibia
I: base of first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform
A: dorsiflexion at ankle; inversion of foot
108
plantar flexors
s
109
gastrocnemius
O: femoral condyles
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
A: plantar flexion at ankle; flexion at knee
I: tibial nerve (S1-S2)
110
fibularis brevis
O: midlateral margin of fibula
I: base of fifth metatarsal bone
A: eversion of foot and plantar flexion at ankle
111
fibularis longus
O: head and proximal shaft of fibula
I: base of first metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform
A: eversion of foot and plantar flexion at ankle; supports longitudinal and transverse arches
112
soleus
O: head and proximal shaft of fibula, and adjacent posteromedial shaf of tibia
I: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (with gastrocnemius)
A:plantar flexioin at ankle; postural muscle when standing
113
tibialis posterior
O: interosseous membrane and adjacent shafts of tibia and fibula
I: navicular, all three cuneiforms, cuboid, second, third, fourth metatarsal bones
A: inversion of foot; plantar flexion at ankle
114
digital flexors
s
115
flexor digitorum longus
O: posteromedial surface of tibia
I: inferior surface of distal phalangesk, toes 2-5
A: flexion of joints of toes 2-5; plantar flexes ankle
116
flexor hallucis longus
O: posterior surface of fibula
I:inferior surface, distal phalanx of great toe
A: flexion at joints of great toe; plantar flexes ankle
117
digital extensors
s
118
extensor digitorum longus
O: lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula
I: superior surfaces of phalanges, toes 2-5
A: extension of toes 2-5; dorsiflexes ankle
I: deep fibular nerve (L5-S1)
119
extensor hallucis longus
O: anterior surface of fibula
I:superior surface, distal phalanx of great toe
A: extension at joints of great toe; dorsiflexes ankle
120
Be able to locate muscles
- omohyoid
- cricothyroid
- erector spinae group
- extensor pollicis longus
- psoas major
121
rotator cuff is
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor
