chapter 10 (nicotine and tobacco)

Question 1

snuff

Answer 1

quantity of finely shredded powdered tobacco. modern forms available in either dry or moist form.

Question 2

mainstream smoke

Answer 2

smoke inhaled directly from cigarettes or other tobacco products.

Question 3

particulate phase

Answer 3

components of smoke that consists of particles.

Question 4

tar

Answer 4

sticky material found in the particulate phase of tobacco smoke and other pollutants in the air.

Question 5

gaseous phase

Answer 5

portion of tobacco smoke that consists of gases.

Question 6

respiratory epithelium

Answer 6

single layer of ciliated cells lining the respiratory tract.

Question 7

mucociliary escalator

Answer 7

organized beating movement of cilia in respiratory epithelium transporting mucus with inhaled particles in direction of throat so they can be swallowed and destroyed or excreted.

Question 8

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs)

Answer 8

ionotropic receptors that are normally activated by acetylcholine. two main types that are present in neurons and in muscles.

Question 9

titration hypothesis

Answer 9

idea that smokers will adjust their smoking of cigarettes in such a way as to maintain a steady input of nicotine into the body. mixed support.

Question 10

coronary heart disease (CHD)

Answer 10

damages heart as result of restriction of blood flow through coronary arteries.

Question 11

arteriosclerosis

Answer 11

blood flow restricted because walls of arteries harden and lose elasticity.

Question 12

atherosclerosis

Answer 12

blood flow restricted because of buildup of fatty deposits inside arteries.

Question 13

ischemic stroke

Answer 13

interruption/reduction in blood flow to brain, causing paralysis, sensory loss, cognitive deficits, or combination of neuropsychological effects.

Question 14

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 14

group of diseases characterized by impaired breathing due to an abnormality in air passages.

Question 15

chronic bronchitis

Answer 15

respiratory disease involving inflammation of bronchial tissue following a buildup of excess mucus in air passages.

Question 16

emphysema

Answer 16

enlargement of air sacs in lungs and abnormalities in the air sac walls, causing great difficulty in breathing.

Question 17

carcinomas

Answer 17

cancerous tumours or growths.

Question 18

nitrosamines

Answer 18

group of carcinogenic compounds found in tobacco.

Question 19

erythroplakia

Answer 19

small red spots inside the mouth and nasal cavity, indicating precancerous tissue.

Question 20

leukoplakia

Answer 20

small white spots inside the mouth and nasal cavity, indicating precancerous tissue.