CHAPTER 10: OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS

Question 1

What are costal dead zones?

Answer 1

Coastal waters with too little dissolved oxygen to support most marine life

Question 2

What human activity has increased coastal dead zones?

Answer 2

Fertilizer runoff from farms

Question 3

Where are majority of coastal dead zones?

Answer 3

Atlantic shores USA and Atlantic shores Europe

Question 4

Oceans cover what percentage of earths surface?

Answer 4

71

Question 5

70% of oxygen comes from what in the oceans?

Answer 5

Marine plants

Question 6

How much of the world depends on the ocean as a food source?

Answer 6

Nearly half.

Question 7

What light wavelength penetrates deepest in the ocean?

Answer 7

Blue wavelength

Question 8

How far does sunlight penetrate the ocean?

Answer 8

Uppermost layers, 250 m

Question 9

Oceans surface temps vary with…

Answer 9

latitude

Question 10

What is the transitional zone of temperature decline called?

Answer 10

Thermocline

Question 11

What affects the thermocline?

Answer 11

Latitude and the ocean depth

Question 12

Which zone of the ocean is relatively warm and sunlit?

Answer 12

Epipelagic Zone… 200m

Question 13

Layers of the ocean

Answer 13

Epipelagic Zone
Mesoelagic Zone
Bathypelagic Zone
Abyssopelagic Zone
Hadal Zone

(EMBAH)

Question 14

What is the continental shelf?

Answer 14

shallow, sloping near continental margins

Question 15

What is Continental slope?

Answer 15

transition b/w self and floor

Question 16

What is the Abyssal Plains?

Answer 16

lays b/w 4000-6000m depth

Question 17

What are mid ocean ridges?

Answer 17

submarine mountain systems stretching from pole to pole

Question 18

What are deep sea trenches

Answer 18

Lowest point of ocean

Question 19

Salinity is…

Answer 19

Concentration of dissolved minerals in seawater

Question 20

Main source of salinity in oceans

Answer 20

Rivers… 2.5 billion tonnes per year

Question 21

What is the average pH of the ocean

Answer 21

8.16, Basic

Question 22

how much of anthropogenic carbon emissions have been absorbed by the oceans in the last 200 years?

Answer 22

1/3

Question 23

As CO2 is absorbed by seawater, what forms which makes the seawater more acidic?

Answer 23

Carbonic acid - H2CO3

Question 24

How much is the pH of the ocean predicted to fall by 2100?

Answer 24

0.4 units, toward acid

Question 25

What are the 5 factors that form oceanic circulation patterns?

Answer 25

1. WINDS 2. DENSITY DIFFERENCE IN SEA WATER 3. CORIOLIS EFFECT 4. SHAPE OF OCEAN BASINS 5. ASTRONOMICAL FACTORS

Question 26

Define Ocean currents

Answer 26

any persistent, dominantly horizontal flow of ocean water

Question 27

What are ocean currents driven by

Answer 27

wind blowing over the surface, friction

Question 28

Why are ocean currents essential?

Answer 28

Sustaining global energy balance

Question 29

13% of total _____ movement from low to high latitudes

Answer 29

HEAT

Question 30

The ocean temperature structure is...

Answer 30

layered

Question 31

What are gyres?

Answer 31

Large circular currents

Question 32

What are gyres produced by?

Answer 32

Wind, Coriolis effect, Land masses

Question 33

Why are gyres important?

Answer 33

move warm waters toward poles and cold waters toward equator

Question 34

The east coast tends to be effected by what temperature gyre?

Answer 34

Warm

Question 35

The west coast tends to be effected by what temperature gyre

Answer 35

cold

Question 36

Upwelling zones are only located on which side of continents?

Answer 36

WEST

Question 37

What flourishes in upwelling zones?

Answer 37

Fishing

Question 38

What is the circumpolar gyre and where is it located?

Answer 38

West winds around Antaractiica

Question 39

What is thermocline circulation driven by?

Answer 39

Density differences (temp and salinity)