CHAPTER 14: BUILDING THE CRUST W/ ROCKS Flashcards
(36 cards)
minerals are…
natually occurring, solid chemical element or compound with uniform composition
Earths crust is composed for 2 main elements:
Oxygen and silicon 75%
What are silicates?
Silicon and oxygen combined
What are oxides?
Chemical elements combined with oxygen
What are sulphides and sulphates?
sulfur composes with other elements
What are carbonates?
Carbon compounds with other elements
What are the 4 mineral classes in rocks?
- Silicates
- Oxides
- Sulfides
- Carbonates
Most igneous rocks are composed of which minerals?
Silicate minerals
Felsic minerals are found in which rock?
Quartz
Mafic minerals are found in which rock?
Mica
Define rocks
Assemblage of minerals or volcanic glass in the solid state
Define sediments
Accumulations of small fragments of rock and organic material that are not cemented together
What are clasts?
Rock fragments formed bu weathering of larger block rock
Sediments on earths surface form…
a veneer that covers underlying bed rock
Exposed areas of bedrock can be found where (2)
Tectonically and volcanically active mountain regions
3 classes of rocks
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
Classification of igneous rocks is based on…
Mineral composition and texture
Pyroclasts are..
all sizes of particles injected into air during volcanic eruption
Intrusive Igneous rocks produce.
coarse texture… granite
Extrusive igneous rocks produce
Fine texture
Most common extrusive igneous rocks include
Basalt and Anesite
3 categories of sementary rock
Clastic, Organic, Chemical
Clastic semimentary rocks are composed of…
broken pieces of other rocks
Organic sedimentary rocks are composed of…
organic material derived from ancient organisms or shells
