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Assessment and Diagnosis > Chapter 10: Personality Assessment > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Personality Assessment Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

Personality

A

Characteristic way of behaving/thinking across situations

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2
Q

Uses for personality assessments

A 
Diagnosis
Treatment planning
Self-understanding
Identifying children with emotional/behavioral problems
Hiring decisions
Legal questions
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3
Q

Response set

A

Unconscious responding in a negative or positive manner

Test taker bias that affects formal personality assessment

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4
Q

Dissimulation

A

Faking the test
Increases with face validity
Test taker bias that affects formal personality assessment

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5
Q

Validity scales

A

Used to detect individuals not responding in an accurate manner

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6
Q

Trait vs. state

A

Trait: stable internal characteristic, test-retest reliability can be greater than 0.8
State: transient, lower test-retest reliability

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7
Q

Objective self-report: format of items that appear

A

Selected-response: usually true/false or scales, occasionally forced-choice
Reflect characteristic behavior, feelings, thinking, etc.

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8
Q

4 approaches to development of personality assessments

A 
Content-rational approach
Empirical criterion keying
Factor analytic
Theoretical 
Combination of above
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9
Q

Content rational approach

A

Similar to process of determining content validity: expert looks at test and decides if it represents what it should be testing

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10
Q

Empirical criterion keying

A

Large pool of items is administered to 2 groups: clinical group with specific diagnosis and control group
Items that discriminate between groups are retained (may or may not be directly associated with psychopathology- not necessarily face valid)

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11
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A

Most used personality measure
Developed using empirical criterion keying
Contains validity scales (detect random responding, lying, etc.)
Adequate reliability
10 clinical scales

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12
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Somatic complaints

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13
Q

Depression

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Pessimism, hopelessness, discouragement

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14
Q

Hysteria

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Development of physical symptoms in response to stress

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15
Q

Psychopathic deviate

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Difficulty incorporating societal standards and values

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16
Q

Masculinity/femininity

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Tendency to reject stereotypical gender norms

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17
Q

Paranoia

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A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Paranoid delusions

18
Q

Psychasthenia

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A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Anxiety, agitation, discomfort

19
Q

Schizophrenia

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A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Psychotic symptoms, confusion, disorientation

20
Q

Hypomania

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A

Clinical scale on MMPI

High energy levels, narcissism, possibly mania

21
Q

Social introversion

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A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Prefers being alone to being with others

22
Q

Factor analysis

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A

Statistical approach to personality assessment development

Evaluates the presence/structure of latent constructs

23
Q

Raymond Cattell

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A

First person to use factor analysis approach to personality assessment development
16 personality factor questionnaire

24
Q

NEO Personality Inventory

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A

Developed using factor analysis
5-factor model (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness)
Pretty good reliability and validity

25
Theoretical approach
Match test to theory
26
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Developed using theoretical approach Based on Jung's theories 4 scales: introversion (I)/extraversion (E), sensing (S)/intuition (N), thinking (T)/feeling (F), judging (J)/perceiving (P) Personality represented by one of 16 4 letter combinations
27
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI)
Developed using theoretical approach Based on Millon's theories surrounding personality disorders 2 scales: clinical personality scales and clinical syndrome scales Good reliability and validity, but high correlations between scales (problem)
28
Objective personality assessments given to children
Child Behavior Checklist Barkley Scales (ADHD) Each test has a version for the parent, a version for the child, and a version for the teacher to fill out
29
Broad-band vs. symptom measures
Broad-band: lots of info on a variety of topics, allow for a comprehensive view (example: MMPI) Symptom measure: identify specific symptoms (example: Beck Depression Inventory)
30
Projective tests: theory behind
Examinees interpret the ambiguous stimuli in a manner that reveals important and often unconscious aspects of their psychological functioning or personality
31
Pros and cons of projective tests
Pros: popular in clinical settings, supply rich information (not a lot of face validity) Cons: questionable psychometrics (poor reliability and validity), so should be used with caution
32
Projective drawings
Require little verbal abilities/ child friendly Draw a person test (person drawn is representation of self) House-tree-person test (house: home life and family relationships, tree: deep feelings about self, person: less deep view of self) Kinetic family drawing (provide information about family and interactions)
33
Sentence completion tests
Examinee completes sentence stems | May enhance rapport or understanding of client
34
Apperception tests
Given an ambiguous picture, examinee must make up story Themes presented in stories tell something about examinee Have issues with validity
35
2 versions of apperception tests
Thematic apperception test: stories are analyzed in a qualitative manner Roberts apperception test for children: have standardized scoring system and normative data Both have poor validity
36
Ink blot test
Examinee is presented with an ambiguous inkblot and asked to identify what they see Limited validity
37
Rorschach ink blot test scoring/interpreting
Exner developed most comprehensive system for scoring (including norm set) Limited validity, though
38
Anatomical dolls
Controversial assessment technique Used to assess sexual assault in children (watch what child is paying attention to, how child plays with doll, etc.) Lots of false positives
39
Drug assisted assessment
``` Controversial assessment technique Truth serum (sodium amytol): help people relax and share difficult information Vulnerable to formation of false memories in relaxed state ```
40
Hypnosis assisted assessment
Controversial assessment technique Help people relax and remember things People under hypnosis are suggestible to forming false memories
41
Neurological-based techniques
Controversial assessment technique Neurofeedback techniques (looking at brain waves when doing a task, etc.) Little empirical support

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