Chapter 10- Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
apnea
A
cessation of breathing
2
Q
eupnea
A
good/normal breathing
3
Q
tachypnea
A
rapid breathing
4
Q
bradypnea
A
slow breathing
5
Q
hypopnea
A
shallow breathing
6
Q
hyperpnea
A
heavy breathing
7
Q
dyspnea
A
difficulty breathing
8
Q
orthopnea
A
able to breathe only in an upright position
9
Q
hyperventilation
A
over breathing; the condition of having too little air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypercapnia
10
Q
dysphonia
A
bad voice condition (also known as hoarseness)
11
Q
epistaxis
A
a nosebleed
12
Q
rhinorrhagia
A
excessive blood flow from the nose (another term for a nosebleed)
13
Q
rhinorrhea
A
runny nose
14
Q
bronchospasm
A
involuntary contraction of the bronchus
15
Q
phrenospasm
A
involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (also known as the hiccups)
16
Q
pleuralgia
A
pain in the pleura
17
Q
pleurodynia
A
pain in the pleura
18
Q
thoracalgia
A
chest pain
19
Q
bronchorrhea
A
discharge from the bronchi
20
Q
expectoration
A
coughing or spitting material out of the lungs
21
Q
hemoptysis
A
coughing up blood
22
Q
sputum
A
mucus discharged from the lungs by coughing
23
Q
auscultation
A
a health care professional using a stethoscope to listen to a patient’s chest
24
Q
cyanosis
A
a bluish color in the skin caused by insufficient oxygen
25
pectoriloquy
speaking from the chest; used as a means of finding masses in the lung. A health professional listening to a patient’s chest asks the patient to whisper a word. The word will be audible in areas where fluid or a mass is present. Hence the chest “speaks” in those places.
26
pectus carinatum
a chest that protrudes like the keel of a ship
27
pectus excavatum
a chest that is hollowed out
28
percussion
striking the body surface (in this context, to cause vibrations that can help locate fluid buildup in the chest)
29
retraction
the sucking in of the skin around bones during inhalation, happens when someone is in respiratory distress
30
atelectasis
incomplete expansion
31
bronchiectasis
expansion of the bronchi
32
caseous necrosis
the death of tissue with a cheeselike appearance
33
chylothorax
chyle in the chest
34
empyema
pus inside the chest
35
hemothorax
blood in the chest
36
phrenoplegia
paralysis of the diaphragm
37
phrenoptosis
drooping of the diaphragm
38
pleural effusion
fluid pouring out into the pleura
39
pneumohemothorax
air and blood in the chest
40
pneumothorax
air in the chest
41
pulmonary edema
swelling in the lungs
42
pyothorax
pus in the chest
43
tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
44
hypercapnia
excessive carbon dioxide
45
hypercarbia
excessive carbon dioxide
46
hypocapnia
insufficient carbon dioxide
47
hypocarbia
insufficient carbon dioxide
48
hypoxemia
insufficient oxygen in the blood
49
hypoxia
insufficient oxygen
50
computed tomography
an imaging procedure using a computer to cut
51
pulmonary angiography
an imaging procedure for recording pulmonary blood vessel activity
52
ventilation–perfusion scan (VQ scan)
a scan that tests whether a problem in the lungs is caused by airflow (ventilation) or blood flow (perfusion)
53
bronchoscopy
procedure to look inside the bronchi
54
capnography
procedure to record carbon dioxide levels
55
capnometer
instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels
56
endoscope
instrument to look inside
57
nasopharyngoscope
an instrument to look at the nose and throat
58
oximetry
procedure to measure oxygen levels
59
polysomnography
recording multiple aspects of sleep
60
pulmonary function testing (PFT)
a group of tests used to evaluate the condition and operation of the lungs
61
spirometry
procedure to measure breathing
62
thoracoscopy
examination of the chest
63
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
64
laryngotracheobronchitis
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
65
rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal passages
66
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinus
67
pansinusitis
inflammation of all sinuses
68
sleep apnea
a condition where the patient ceases to breathe while asleep
69
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
70
tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
71
tracheomalacia
softening of the trachea
72
asthma
a disease causing episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airway
73
bronchiolitis
inflammation of a bronchiole
74
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
75
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a group of lung diseases characterized by the continual blockage of lung passages
76
cystic fibrosis
a disease causing thick mucous buildup in the lungs and pancreas, named after the changes it causes to the lungs
77
diaphragmatocele
hernia of the diaphragm
78
emphysema
a disease that causes the alveoli to lose elasticity; emphysema patients can inhale but have difficulty exhaling
79
obstructive lung disorder
a lung disorder caused by a blockage
80
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
81
pleurisy
another word for pleuritis
82
pneumatocele
hernia of the lung
83
pneumoconiosis
a lung condition caused by dust
84
pneumonia
a lung condition
85
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung
86
pulmonary embolism
blockage in the pulmonary blood supply
87
pulmonary neoplasm
new growth (tumor) in the lung
88
restrictive lung disorder
a lung disorder caused by the limiting of air into the lungs
89
bronchiogenic carcinoma
a cancerous tumor originating in the bronchi
90
mesothelioma
a cancerous tumor of the mesothelial cells lining the lungs
91
antitussive
a drug that prevents coughing
92
bronchodilator
a drug that expands the walls of the bronchi
93
expectorant
a drug that encourages the expulsion of material from the lungs
94
mucolytic
a drug that aids in the breakdown of mucus
95
nebulizer
a machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a “cloud” or mist that is inhaled by the patient
96
adenoidectomy
removal of the adenoids
97
intubate
to insert a breathing tube from the mouth down into the trachea, to provide breathing support
98
laryngectomy
removal of the larynx
99
laryngoplasty
reconstruction of the larynx
100
palatoplasty
reconstruction of a palate
101
septoplasty
reconstruction of a septum
102
tonsillectomy
removal of the tonsils
103
tracheostomy
creation of an opening in the trachea
104
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
105
endotracheal intubation
insertion of a tube inside the trachea
106
bronchoplasty
reconstruction of a bronchus
107
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
method of artificially maintaining blood flow and airflow when breathing and pulse have stopped
108
lobectomy
removal of a lobe
109
pleuropexy
reattachment of the pleura
110
pneumonectomy
removal of a lung
111
thoracentesis
puncture of the chest
112
thoracocentesis
puncture of the chest
113
thoracoplasty
reconstruction of the chest
114
thoracostomy
creation of an opening in the chest
115
thoracotomy
incision into the chest
116
ABG
arterial blood gas
analysis of the gases in the blood; used to determine the effectiveness of the lungs in exchanging gases
occasionally they use capillary blood from a finger stick, at which point it’s known as a capillary blood gas (CBG)
117
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
118
Bx
biopsy
119
CF
cystic fibrosis
120
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
121
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
a treatment for apnea involving keeping a patient’s airways open using air pressure delivered via a face mask
122
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
123
CT
computed tomography
124
CTA
clear to auscultation
when an examination reveals nothing abnormal about a patient’s lung
125
CXR
chest x-ray
126
DOE
dyspnea on exertion
127
ETT
endotracheal tube
128
LRTI
lower respiratory tract infection
129
LTB
laryngotracheobronchitis
130
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
131
OSA
obstructive sleep apnea
132
PE
pulmonary embolism
133
PET
positron emission tomography
134
PFT
pulmonary function test
135
PSG
polysomnography
136
SOB
shortness of breath
137
T&A
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
138
TB
tuberculosis
139
URI/URTI
upper respiratory infection, upper respiratory tract infection
140
V/Q
ventilation–perfusion scan
