Chapter 7- Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
adenalgia
A
pain in a gland
2
Q
adrenal virilism
A
development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland
3
Q
adrenarche
A
beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty)
4
Q
hirsutism
A
excessive growth of facial and body hair in women
5
Q
amenorrhea
A
lack of menstrual flow
6
Q
gynecomastia
A
development of breast tissue in males
7
Q
hypergonadism
A
condition in which there is excessive secretion of the sex glands
8
Q
hypogonadism
A
condition in which there is undersecretion of the sex glands
9
Q
menarche
A
beginning or first menstruation
10
Q
thelarche
A
beginning of breast development
11
Q
hypoglycemic
A
pertaining to low blood sugar
12
Q
pancreatalgia
A
pain in the pancreas
13
Q
polydipsia
A
excessive thirst
14
Q
polyphagia
A
excessive eating
15
Q
polyuria
A
excessive urination
16
Q
acromegaly
A
abnormal enlargement of the extremities
17
Q
acromegaly
A
abnormal enlargement of the extremities
18
Q
galactorrhea
A
discharge of milk
19
Q
pituitary dwarfism
A
abnormally short height caused by undersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
20
Q
pituitary gigantism
A
abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
21
Q
exophthalmos
A
protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket
22
Q
goiter
A
swollen thyroid gland
23
Q
thyrocele
A
another name for goiter
24
Q
thyromegaly
A
enlargement of the thyroid
25
thyroptosis
downward displacement (drooping) of the thryoid
26
acidemia
abnormal acidity of the blood
27
alkalemia
abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood
28
calciuria
calcium in the urine
29
chloremia
increased chloride in the blood
30
euglycemia
good blood sugar
31
glucosuria
sugar in the urine
32
hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in the blood
33
hypercholesterolemia
excessive cholesterol in the blood
34
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
35
hyperkalemia
excessive potassium in the blood
36
hyperlipidemia
excessive fat in the blood
37
hypernatremia
excessive sodium in the blood
38
hyperphosphatemia
excessive phosphate in the blood
39
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
40
ketonuria
ketone bodies in the urine
41
polyuria
excessive urination
42
uremia
presence of urinary waste in the blood
43
adrenaline
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland
44
epinephrine
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland
45
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland
46
corticotropin
shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone
47
glucagon
hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels
48
glucocorticoid
hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism
49
gonadotropin
hormone that stimulates the gonads
50
insulin
hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats
51
thyrotropin
hormone that stimulates the thyroid
52
adenomegaly
abnormal enlargement of a gland
53
adrenomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland
54
euthyroid
normal functioning thyroid
55
gluconeogenesis
formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
56
glycolysis
breakdown of sugar
57
glycopenia
deficiency of sugar
58
gonadogenesis
creation/development of gonads
59
metabolism
breakdown of matter into energy
60
endocrine
to secrete internally (i.e., into the bloodstream)
61
endocrinologist
specialist in internal secretions
62
exocrine
to secrete externally (through ducts to the surface of an organ, i.e., sweat glands and salivary glands)
63
glycemic index
ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood
64
ketogenesis
creation of ketone bodies
65
thyroid function tests
tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid
66
cholangiopancreatography
procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas
67
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct
68
adenitis
inflammation of a gland
69
adenopathy
gland disease
70
adenosis
gland condition
71
dysmetabolic syndrome
combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism
72
ketosis
condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood
73
polyadenopathy
disease involving many glands
74
adrenal insufficiency
condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones
75
adrenalitis
inflammation of the adrenal gland
76
adrenocortical insufficiency
condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones
77
adrenocorticohyperplasia
overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland
78
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others
79
diabetes mellitus
metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia
80
diabetic ketoacidosis
acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; thus, it must burn fat for energy
81
pancreatic pseudocyst
abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst
82
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
83
pancreatolith
stone in the pancreas
84
pancreatolithiasis
presence of a stone in the pancreas
85
hyperpituitarism
overfunctioning of the pituitary gland
86
hypophysitis
inflammation of the pituitary gland
87
hypopituitarism
condition caused by the undersecretion of the pituitary gland
88
panhypopituitarism
defective or absent function of the entire pituitary gland
89
pituitary infarction
death of the pituitary gland
90
hyperparathyroidism
overproduction by the parathyroid glands
91
hyperthyroidism
overproduction by the thyroid
92
hypoparathyroidism
underproduction by the parathyroid
93
hypothyroidism
underproduction by the thyroid
94
thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid
95
thyrotoxicosis
condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone (an extreme version of this is known as “thyroid storm”)
96
adenocarcinoma
cancerous tumor of a gland
97
adenoma
glandular tumor
98
adrenal adenoma
tumor of the adrenal gland
99
adrenocortical carcinoma
cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland
100
insulinoma
tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)
101
parathyroidoma
tumor of the parathyroid
102
pituitary adenoma
tumor on the pituitary gland
103
thymoma
tumor of the thymus
104
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin
105
thyroidotoxin
substance poisonous to the thyroid gland
106
adenectomy
removal of a gland
107
ketogenic diet
diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body
108
thymectomy
removal of the thymus
109
adrenalectomy
removal of the adrenal gland
110
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparascope (instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)
111
pancreatectomy
removal of the pancreas
112
pancreatolithectomy
removal of a stone in the pancreas
113
hypophysectomy
removal of the pituitary gland
114
parathyroidectomy
removal of the parathyroid
115
thyroidectomy
removal of the thyroid
116
thyroidotomy
incision into the thyroid
117
thyroparathyroidectomy
removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
118
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
119
BS
blood sugar
120
CGM
continuous glucose monitor
121
DI
diabetes insipidus
122
DM
diabetes mellitus
123
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
124
FBS
fasting blood sugar
125
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
126
GH
gestational diabetes mellitus
127
GH
growth hormone
128
GTT
glucose tolerance test
129
HgA1C
hemoglobin A1C test (used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels)
130
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
131
TFT
thyroid function test
132
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin)
133
T3
triiodothyronine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)
134
T4
thyroxine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid)
