chapter 10 vocabulary Flashcards
(22 cards)
kinetic energy
the energy an object has because of its motion
kinetic theory
states that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion
gas pressure
the force exerted by a far per unit surface area of an object
vacuum
an empty space with no particles and no pressure
atmospheric pressure
results from the collisions of air molecules with objects
barometers
devices commonly used to measure atmospheric pressure
Pascal
the SI unit of pressure
standard atmosphere (ATM)
the pressure required to support 760 mm of mercury in a mercury barometer at 25C
vaporization
the conversion of liquid to a gas or vapor
evaporation
when a conversion occurs at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling
boiling point
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure
normal boiling point
the boiling point of a liquid at a pressure of 101.3Kpa
melting point
the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
crystal
when the atoms ions or molecules that make up the solid substance are arranged in an orderly repeating, three dimensional pattern called the crystal lattice
unit cell
the smallest group of particles within a crystal that retains the geometric shape of the crystal
allotropes
two or more different molecular forms of the same element In the same physical state
amorphous solids
lack an ordered internal structure (plastic rubber)
glasses
transparent fusion of products of inorganic substances that have cooled to a rigid state without crystallizing
phase diagram
gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as solid liquid and gas (vapor)
triple point
describes the only set of conditions at which all three phases can exist in equilibrium with one another
sublimation
the change of a substance from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid state
vapor pressure
when particles collide with he walls of a sealed container
