chapter 12 vocabulary

Question 1

compressibility

Answer 1

a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure

Question 2

Boyle’s law

Answer 2

states that for a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies inversely with pressure

p1 x v1 = p2 x v2

Question 3

charles’s law

Answer 3

the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature if pressure is kept constant

v1 v2
—- = —–
t1 t2

Question 4

gay-lussac’s law

Answer 4

states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the kelvin temptation is volume remains constant
p1 p2
—- = —–
t1 t2

Question 5

combines gas law

Answer 5

an expression that combines the 3 gas laws

p1 x v1 p2 x v2
———— = ————-
t1 t2

Question 6

ideal gas constant

Answer 6

the value 8.31 ( Lx kPa)/ (k x mol)

Question 7

ideal gas law

Answer 7

rearranged equation for R
p x v
R= ———- or p x v = n x r x t
t x n

Question 8

Avagadro’s hypothesis

Answer 8

equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles

Question 9

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

Answer 9

at the constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases

p(total) = p1 + p2 +p3 …….

Question 10

diffusion

Answer 10

the tendency of molecules to move toward areas of lower concentration until concentration is uniform throughout

Question 11

effusion

Answer 11

the process in which a gas escapes through a tiny hole in its container

Question 12

graham’s law of effusion

Answer 12

the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas’s molar mass

rate A √molar mass (b)
——— = ————————
rate b √molar mass (a)

Question 13

partial pressure

Answer 13

the contribution of each gas in a mixture makes to the total pressure