Chapter 10.2 Flashcards
Free radical
Atoms or groups of atoms with an unpaired electron
Why are free radicals very reactive?
They have an unpaired electron
Initiation step
The first step of free radical substitution, involving an increase in the number of free radicals through exposure to UV light
Homolytic fission
When a covalent bond breaks and one electron goes back to each atom that made up the original molecule to form two species that are the same
Propagation step
When free radicals collide with another molecule to pair up its unpaired electron and create another free radical, creating a cycle
Termination step
When the free radicals collide with each other and end the free radical substitution chain reaction
Hydrogenation
The reaction when an alkene reacts with hydrogen when heated in the presence of a catalyst
What happens when you mix an alkene with bromine water?
Turns from orange to colorless
When happens when you mix an alkane with bromine water?
No color change
Addition polymerization
When a large number of monomer molecules are joined together to form a polymer chain
Repeating unit
The structure shown in square brackets as the product of an addition reaction in a polymer chain
Color change when acidified dichromate (VI) is used to catalyze the oxidation of a primary alcohol
Orange to green
Color change when acidified manganate (VII) is used to catalyze the oxidation of a primary alcohol
Purple to colorless
What are the products formed when primary alcohols are oxidized using an agent like acidified potassium dichromate or acidified potassium manganate?
Aldehyde and then carboxylic acid
What are the products formed when secondary alcohols are oxidized using an agent like acidified potassium dichromate or acidified potassium manganate?
Ketones
