Chapter 103 - 4: Antiprotozoal Drugs I & II: Antiprotozoal Drugs Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are the main protozoal infections endemic to the United States?
- Giardiasis
- Cryptosporidiosis
- Trichomoniasis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Babesiosis
- rare local cases of Chagas disease
- Leishmaniasis
- Amebiasis.
What protozoal infections are most often seen in the U.S. due to international travel?
- Malaria
- Amebiasis
- Leishmaniasis
- Chagas disease
- African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)
- Cyclosporiasis
What drugs are used to treat malaria?
Chloroquine, Atovaquone/proguanil, Artemether/lumefantrine, Mefloquine, Quinine/Quinidine with an antibiotic, and Primaquine (for relapse prevention).
What are the treatments for cryptosporidiosis?
Nitazoxanide; immune support is key in immunocompromised
What are the treatments for giardiasis?
Metronidazole, Tinidazole, or Nitazoxanide
What are the treatments for amebiasis?
Metronidazole or Tinidazole (plus luminal agent); Iodoquinol or Paromomycin for asymptomatic cyst carriers.
What are the treatments for trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole or Tinidazole (single dose; treat partners).
What are the treatments for toxoplasmosis?
Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine + Leucovorin; alternatives include Clindamycin or Atovaquone
How is babesiosis treated?
Atovaquone + Azithromycin, or Clindamycin + Quinine for severe cases
What are common treatments for leishmaniasis?
Liposomal Amphotericin B, Miltefosine, Sodium Stibogluconate, Paromomycin
What are common treatments for Chagas disease?
Benznidazole or Nifurtimox (mainly effective in acute phase)
What general precautions should patients take with antiprotozoal drugs?
Complete the full course, maintain hydration, report severe side effects, and review medical history and medications with a provider.
What precautions apply to Metronidazole and Tinidazole?
Avoid alcohol during and 3 days after use (disulfiram reaction), may cause metallic taste, interacts with warfarin, and avoid in pregnancy if possible.
What are key precautions for Chloroquine and Primaquine?
Chloroquine: May worsen psoriasis, needs eye monitoring, caution in G6PD deficiency.
Primaquine: G6PD testing required, contraindicated in pregnancy/breastfeeding, take with food.
What are side effects or contraindications of Mefloquine and Pyrimethamine?
Mefloquine: Avoid in seizure/psychiatric/cardiac disorders; can cause vivid dreams, dizziness.
Pyrimethamine: Can suppress bone marrow (needs leucovorin), monitor blood counts.
What precautions apply to Doxycycline used for malaria?
Causes sun sensitivity, avoid in pregnancy/children, take with food and stay upright, avoid antacids/iron/calcium near dosing time.
