Chapter 105 Ectoparasites Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is the first-line OTC treatment for head lice in children ≥2 years?
Pyrethrins with Piperonyl Butoxide (e.g., RID); neurotoxic to lice, requires a second treatment in 9–10 days.
What OTC lice treatment is approved for infants ≥2 months?
Permethrin 1% lotion (e.g., Nix); neurotoxic, not fully ovicidal, requires repeat treatment.
Which prescription treatment kills lice and eggs and often works with one application?
Spinosad 0.9% suspension (e.g., Natroba); neurotoxic, approved for ages ≥6 months.
What prescription lotion is effective in one dose and approved for children ≥6 months?
Ivermectin 0.5% lotion (e.g., Sklice); neurotoxic, may not kill eggs but prevents hatching.
What lice treatment is flammable and partially ovicidal?
Malathion 0.5% lotion (e.g., Ovide); neurotoxic, requires 8–12 hour application and possible retreatment.
Which treatment suffocates lice and requires retreatment?
Benzyl Alcohol 5% lotion (e.g., Ulesfia); not neurotoxic, does not kill eggs, approved for ages ≥6 months.
Why is Lindane no longer recommended for lice treatment?
Due to high risk of neurotoxicity, including seizures and death; banned in the US and Canada.
When is oral ivermectin used for lice treatment?
For difficult cases or failed topical treatment; off-label use, not for children <15 kg.
What are possible side effects of permethrin and pyrethrins?
Local irritation (itching, stinging), allergic reactions (especially if allergic to chrysanthemums/ragweed).
What toxic risks are associated with malathion lotion?
Skin irritation, flammability, unpleasant odor, and theoretical systemic toxicity if ingested.
What is a safety concern for benzyl alcohol in young infants?
Risk of “gasping syndrome” in neonates; avoid use in infants <6 months.
What are side effects of topical spinosad and ivermectin?
Mild skin or eye irritation; caution with infants <6 months due to benzyl alcohol content.
What are potential side effects of oral ivermectin?
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue—generally rare at treatment doses.
