Chapter 11, 12, 13 revision Flashcards
1
Q
What is the WHO’s vision?
A
The WHO’s vision is a world in which all people achieve the highest possible standard of health and wellbeing. Its mission is to promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable.
2
Q
Work of the WHO
A
- Provide leadership and create partnerships to promote health and wellbeing
- Conduct research and provide health and wellbeing information
- Sets norms and standards and promote and monitor their implementation
- Develop policies to help countries take action to promote health and wellbeing
- Provide technical support and help build sustainable health systems
- Monitor health and wellbeing and assess health and wellbeing trends
3
Q
3 principles of the WHO
A
- The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political beliefs, economic or social condition.
- The health of all peoples is fundamental to the attainment of peace and security and is dependent on the fullest cooperating of individuals and States.
- Unequal development in different countries in the promotion of health and control of diseases, especially communicable diseases is a common danger.
4
Q
Priorities of the WHO
A
Achieving universal health coverage
Addressing health emergencies
Promoting healthier populations
5
Q
Achieving universal health coverage explanation
A
The WHO is aiming to get 1 billion more people health coverage which gives people access to health resources without fear of financial hardship.
6
Q
Addressing health emergencies explanation
A
The WHO aims to protect 1 billion more people from health emergencies such as epidemics
7
Q
Promoting healthier populations explanation
A
The WHO aims to help 1 billion more people enjoy better health and wellbeing.
8
Q
3 objectives of the SDG’s
A
End extreme poverty
Fight inequality and injustice
Address climate change
9
Q
3 rationale behind introduction of SDG’s
A
- New targets/goals were needed as the former development goals, the MDG’s, finished in 2015.
- There was uneven progress across all regions and countries, which created even worse situations for the poorest and most vulnerable and better progress for the rich. This showcased that inequality and injustice was still an issue and more work needed to be done.
- New global challenges needed to be considered, including impact of extremism, climate change and global warming, financial instability of some nations etc. These challenges have potential to undermine the progress of the MDG’s and therefore more goals are needed to prevent bad things happening.
10
Q
5 areas of importance for SDG’s
A
People Planet Partnership Peace Prosperity
11
Q
What do SDG’s aim to do with people?
A
People
Aims to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions and ensure that all human beings can fulfill their potential with dignity and equality and in a healthy environment
12
Q
What do SDG’s aim to do with the planet?
A
Aims to protect the planet degradation through sustainable consumption and production, management of natural resources and acting on climate change to support the needs of present and future generations
13
Q
What do SDG’s aim to do with partnerships?
A
Aims to implement the SDGs with a global partnership for sustainable development, focused on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable.
14
Q
What do SDG’s aim to do with peace?
A
Aims to foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies that are free from fear and violence. There can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without sustainable development
15
Q
What do SDG’s aim to do with prosperity?
A
Aims to ensure that all people can enjoy a successful and fulfilling life and that economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature.
16
Q
SDG’s to remember
A
SDG 1 - No poverty SDG 2 - Zero hunger SDG 3 - Good health and wellbeing SDG 4 - Quality education SDG 5 - Gender equality SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation SDG 13 - Climate action
17
Q
SDG 3 - Good health and wellbeing description
A
SDG 3 – Good health and wellbeing ensures healthy lives and promotes wellbeing for all at all ages. It aims to promote physical and mental health and wellbeing, and extend life expectancy by addressing the major causes of morbidity and mortality in high, middle and low income countries.
18
Q
Why is SDG 3 important?
A
SDG 3 is important as it is needed to promote health globally. It does so through expanding health and wellbeing services so all people have access to healthcare when they need it at a cost that does not cause financial hardship, ensuring there is adequate and well-trained work force in place in every country, ensuring there is adequate access to essential medicines, vaccines, reproductive healthcare services etc. These all contribute to achieving the SDG 3’s goals and in turn, significantly impacts the development of earth.
19
Q
Key features of SDG 3
A
Maternal and child health and wellbeing
Communicable diseases
Non-communicable diseases
20
Q
SDG 3 - Maternal and child health and wellbeing goals
A
Reduce maternal mortality
End preventable newborn and child deaths
21
Q
SDG 3 - Communicable disease goals
A
Reduce AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, neglected tropical diseases and hepatitis
22
Q
SDG 3 - Non communicable disease goals
A
Reduce mortality from non communicable diseases
Focus on mental health and wellbeing
Reduce burden of disease associated with drug and alcohol use
Reduce burden of disease with road traffic accidents
Reduce mortality and morbidity from hazardous chemicals, air, water and soil pollution
23
Q
How does SDG 3 promote health and wellbeing?
A
Physical health and wellbeing - With reduced risk of water borne and communicable diseases, there is an absence of disease and illness which improves immune systems and allows the body to function effectively.
Mental health and wellbeing - Achieving universal health coverage will reduce stress and anxiety associated with worrying about paying for essential health services.
Social health and wellbeing - With reduced rates of infant and child mortality and disease, children are in better health to be able to attend school and develop social networks and participate in their communities.
Spiritual health and wellbeing - With reduced rates of illness such as malaria, people are able to participate more freely in everyday activities such as work and school and therefore have an increased sense of belonging. Greater levels of health allow individuals and communities to be more productive and prosperous and overall experience a greater purpose in life.
24
Q
How does SDG 3 promote human development?
A
- Working to reduce the stigma around mental health conditions and HIV/Aids allows sufferers to participate fully in their community.
- Reducing rates of infant and under 5 mortality and allows children to grow up and have the opportunity to reach their full potential.
- Achieving universal health coverage will mean people can access the health services they need without spending large amounts of money, allowing them to live a decent standard of living. Increasing access to reproductive health services allows women to exercise personal choice around their bodies and pregnancy.
- Implementation of public health promotion campaigns around water borne and communicable diseases will increase the knowledge of communities.
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SDG 1 - No poverty description
SDG 1 seeks to removed poverty and inequality within and among nations. Its aim is to end poverty in all forms by 2030 and includes eradicating extreme poverty, reducing the proportion of people living in poverty by half, implementing social protection systems, ensuring equal rights and access to essential resources and services.
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Why is SDG 1 important?
This goal is important because there were still 836 million people living in extreme poverty in 2015, so that needs to be lowered.
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How does SDG 1 interrelate with SDG 3?
Poverty is a major causer of ill-health and ill-health is a major causer of poverty. Those living in poverty are at an increased risk of developing/catching a communicable disease, such as HIV/AIDS, malaria etc. as they lack the resources to prevent it, such as adequate housing, sanitation and clean water. Those living in poverty also so don’t have much education, so they don’t know what to do to prevent the spread of these diseases, such as having safe sex, not overcrowding in houses etc.
People in poverty will often lack the resources to access hospitals and other healthcare services. This means women are more likely to give birth without a trained professional with them, increasing the risk of maternal mortality. This means that reducing poverty will therefore reduce rates of maternal mortality.
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How does SDG 1 promote health and wellbeing?
Physical health and wellbeing – reducing levels of poverty decreases the risk of communicable disease being spread, therefore lowering the incidence of ill-health.
Social health and wellbeing – reducing levels of poverty allows for more girls to go to school and get an education, where they can build meaningful relationships with others, enhancing social health and wellbeing.
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How does SDG 1 promote human development?
Eradicating poverty allows for more women and girls to get an education, expanding their choices for what they want to do in life and enhancing their capabilities.
Eradicating poverty can improve levels of equality for females, increasing their ability to participate in the decisions that affect their lives and life of the community.
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SDG 2 - Zero hunger description
SDG 2 aims to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition, making sure all people, especially children and the vulnerable, have access to nutritious food all year round by promoting sustainable agriculture.
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Why is SDG 2 important
This goal is important as over 150 million children experienced stunted growth due to malnutrition and 51 million experienced wasting as a result of a lack of food and nutrition, so that needs to change.
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How does SDG 2 interrelate with SDG 3?
When there is no hunger, mothers will be able to access nutritious food, which can lead to reductions in U5MR, improving maternal and child health. With greater nutrition, children’s immune systems are likely to be stronger and therefore less likely to die from communicable diseases, such as malaria, hepatitis, measles and tuberculosis. Mothers who are well-nourished are also more likely to survive childbirth and give birth to a healthy baby, lowering rates of maternal mortality and neonatal mortality.
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How does SDG 2 promote health and wellbeing?
Physical health and wellbeing – no hunger means people have access to nutritious food. This food provides the body the nutrients it needs to function effectively and therefore give a person adequate energy level and less susceptibility to disease, enhancing physical health and wellbeing. Access to nutritious for children also strengthens their immune system, making them less likely to die from a disease, reducing incidence of ill-health, enhancing physical H+W.
Mental health and wellbeing – increased access to food and safe water decreases levels of stress and anxiety.
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How does SDG 2 promote human development?
Greater levels of food security means people don’t have to worry about finding their next meal and they can focus on more important things to enhance their capabilities and expand their knowledge, like getting an education, participating in the community etc.
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SDG 4 - Quality education description
Goal 4 addresses the needs for girls and boys to have equal access to high quality education at all levels, from pre-primary through to tertiary and to develop the vocational skills needed for employment.
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Why is SDG 4 important?
This goal is important as it addresses the need of girls and boys to have equal access to high quality education at all levels. In low and middle income countries, girls are less likely to be enrolled into schools due to factors such as water collection, sanitation, poverty, child labour and forced-marriage, so achieving this goal is important to improve the education levels of females worldwide.
37
How does SDG 4 interrelate with SDG 3?
Higher education levels can reduce rates of morbidity and mortality associated with communicable disease, as people will learn ways to prevent the spread of these illnesses, such as washing hands, safe sex etc.
Quality education improves a person’s health literacy, promoting them to participate in better health behaviours. This reduces the risk of developing a non-communicable disease.
38
How does SDG 4 promote health and wellbeing?
Physical health and wellbeing - Quality education improves a person’s health literacy, promoting them to participate in better health behaviours and preventative health measures. This reduces the risk of developing a non-communicable disease and reduces the spread of communicable diseases, reducing incidence of ill-health.
Social health and wellbeing – More girls attending school provides them a place where they can build meaningful relationships with classmates, enhancing social health and wellbeing.
Spiritual: education and employment can provide a sense of belonging and purpose
39
How does SDG 4 promote human development?
Educated children will have greater knowledge and therefore be able to expand their choices and enhance their capabilities.
Schooling allows for children to develop to their full potential
40
SDG 5 - Gender equality description
SDG 5 aims to end discrimination and violence against women and by addressing barriers that exist to gender equality. Gender equality is experienced when men and women have the same level of power and control over all their aspect of their lives.
41
Why is SDG 5 important?
The gender equality goal is important as it is a basic human right, yet many women face discrimination worldwide, such as in politics, education, and social life. 1 in 3 women worldwide have been subject to physical or sexual abuse so achieving this goal would be important to change that.
42
How does SDG 5 interrelate with SDG 3?
With higher levels of gender equality, girls are less likely to be forced into a marriage and pregnancy at a young age. This means they are more likely to have children when their body is fully developed and ready, so there are less complications, decreasing rates of maternal mortality
Higher levels of gender equality allows for more girls to attend school and get an education, where they can develop health literacy. This can decrease the spread of communicable diseases, such as HIV/AIDS as they have a better understanding of how to do so.
43
How does SDG 5 promote health and wellbeing?
Social health and wellbeing – If females experience higher levels of gender equality, they will be better able to participate in the community where they can build meaningful relationships etc. enhancing social H+W.
Physical health and wellbeing - Achieving gender equality means girls can access education and women can gain employment, helping them earn and income to afford things that are needed for daily life such as nutritious food, promoting physical health and wellbeing.
spiritual health and wellbeing - gender equality provides opportunities for women to participate in their society to vote and become leaders in the community enhancing sense of purpose and belonging
44
How does SDG 5 promote human development?
Gender equality allow females to get an education, providing access to knowledge and expanding their choices and enhancing their capabilities
Increasing gender equality allows for females to participate in the life of the community and make decisions that affect their lives.
45
SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation description
SDG 6 is a goal that aims to ensure that all people are able to enjoy clean water and adequate sanitation. Clean water and sanitation is essential for the health and wellbeing of individuals and communities. It reduces pollution and the risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases
46
Why is SDG 6 important?
Achieving SDG6 is important as access to clean water and sanitation reduces the risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases, such as diarrhoea and can improve housing quality. 663 million people worldwide do not have access to clean water and sanitation, which negatively impacts their health and wellbeing, so achieving this goal to reduce that is important.
47
How does SDG 6 interrelate with SDG 3?
Access to clean water reduces the risk of development and spread of communicable water-borne diseases, such as diarrhoea. Better sanitation also means communicable diseases are less likely to be passed from one person to another as the environment is unlikely to transfer disease if it is sanitised.
Clean water and sanitation mean children are less likely to catch and die from a communicable disease such as water-borne diarrhoea. This contributes to better levels of children health and wellbeing and lower U5MR.
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How does SDG 6 promote health and wellbeing?
Physical H+W - people have access to safe water, people will be able to bathe, clean their clothes and homes properly, this helps in reducing the risk of communicable diseases such as cholera. This furthermore leads to reducing the risk of children dying from these diseases caused from poor sanitation and unsafe water, promoting physical health and wellbeing.
Mental health and wellbeing – If people have access to clean water, they will experience lower levels of stress and anxiety as they will be less fearful of getting sick from drinking the water.
49
How does SDG 6 promote human development?
Improving access to clean water means girls don't have to travel every day to collect it, allowing them to go to school where they can expand their choices and enhance their capabilities, as well as better enable them to participate in the life of the community
When people have access to safe water and sanitation it will reduce the risk of people contracting diseases due to poor sanitation meaning there are not ill and are able to attend school, and have access to knowledge, helping expand their choices and enhancing their capabilities. Leading to long healthy lives lived and experiencing a decent standard of living.
50
SDG 13 - climate action description
Climate Action is about taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Climate change is the increase in temperature of the earth caused by human activities.
51
Why is SDG 13 important?
SDG13 is important as due to over-reliance on fossil fuels and resulting greenhouse gases, the earth is experiencing global warming and rising sea levels, which have many negative effects on health and wellbeing. These impacts affect all people, their homes and health, so achieving this goal to prevent further negative effects, such as natural disasters, is important.
52
How does SDG 13 interrelate with SDG 3?
Climate action will allow for the reduction in carbon emissions and air pollution, decreasing rates of morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases, such as asthma, lung cancer etc.
Climate action can slow global warming, which decreases the ability for communicable diseases, such as NTD’s, to thrive and spread.
53
How does SDG 13 promote health and wellbeing?
Physical - Using public transport and alternatives, such as cycling and walking rather than private vehicles could reduce carbon emissions and air pollution. This helps people have access to clean and safe air reducing the risk of respiratory problems promoting physical health and wellbeing.
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How does SDG 13 promote human development?
Climate action reduces the impacts of climate change, reducing the risk of natural disasters from occurring. This means less people’s homes and communities are devastated from these events, allowing people to have a decent standard of living.
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Types of aid
Emergency aid
Bilateral aid
Multilateral aid
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Emergency aid definition
Refers to the type of aid given as an immediate response to a crisis like a natural disaster or war
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Emergency aid purpose
The purpose of emergency aid is to meet the immediate needs of the affected, save lives, reduce suffering and reduce further impacts of the emergency,
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Emergency aid characteristics
Rapid assistance
Provision of basic supplies
Short-term focus
59
Bilateral aid defintion
Refers to aid given by one country's government to another.
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Bilateral aid purpose
The purpose of bilateral aid is to meet the needs of the recipient country and its people, build relationships between nations and promote H+W, economic growth and prosperity
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Characteristics of bilateral aid
Long term assistance
Focus on development and education
Provision of essential infrastructure
Building civil society
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Multilateral aid definition
Refers to aid provided through an international organisation, such as the World Bank, WHO or United Nations
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Multilateral aid purpose
The purpose of multilateral aid is to create and implement large scale programs focused on good health and wellbeing and sustainable development to reach and impact the lives of many people.
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Characteristics of multilateral aid
Provided through international organisations
Funded by donations from multiple countries
Provision of food and medical programs
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What are non government organisations (NGO's)?
NGO's are non-profit organisations that work to promote health and wellbeing and human development.
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Advantages of NGO's
Focus on small community based projects to target specific needs of community
Focus in health and wellbeing needs
Promote community development and participation
Can access areas that other aid cannot
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Australia's aid program priority areas
Agriculture, fisheries and water
Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk-reduction and social protection
Infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness
Gender equality and empowering women and girls
Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies
Education and health
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Types of partnerships in Australia's aid
Bilateral
Multilateral
Emergency
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What is the aim of agriculture, fisheries and water priority?
The aim of agriculture, fisheries and water is to strengthen markets, promote effective policies, governance and reform and to improve the productivity and sustainable use of resources through innovation.
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How does agriculture, fisheries and water promote health and wellbeing?
Physical H+W - Agriculture and fishing provide employment and income for millions of people. By focusing on this and strengthening these markets, more people in low-income countries can earn an income and therefore escape poverty. Escaping poverty allows individuals to access adequate housing and nutritious food, reducing risk of disease, enhancing physical H+W.
Mental H+W – Earning an income allows for food insecurity to be reduced, lowering levels of stress and anxiety that may be associated with that.
Social H+W – Agricultural/fishing employment opportunities can provide a place for employees to build meaningful relationships with workmates, enhancing social health and wellbeing.
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What is the aim of Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection priority?
The aim of this priority is to save lives, alleviate suffering, maintain human dignity during and following humanitarian crises, reduce the risks of disaster by working with governments and help develop social protection programs in countries where they are still in their early stages.
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How will Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection promote human development?
Providing emergency assistance to those affected by natural disasters ensures that they can still have a decent standard of living while they recover from the event.
Social protection increases access to health and knowledge through financial grants.
73
What is the aim of infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness priority?
Improve infrastructure in low and middle income countries, such as the construction of schools and medical facilities, build water and sanitation stations and improve ICT infrastructure.
Improve trade facilitation and international competitiveness of low- and middle-income countries by identifying barriers and develop solutions for international trade, promoting trade agreements and opportunities, developing expertise in global trade policy and practice and providing micro finance.
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How does infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness promote health status?
Construction of schools and medical facilities improves a person’s ability to access health care and develop health literacy. This means they are less likely to participate in negative health behaviours such as smoking and are able to be treated quicker and more effectively if they are unwell or are injured. This reduces rates of morbidity and mortality and improved education can increase life expectancy
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What is the aim of gender equality and empowering females?
The aim of this priority is to enhance women’s voice in decision making, leadership and peace building, promote women’s economic empowerment and end violence against women and girls.
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How does gender equality and empowering girls and women promote H+W?
Mental H+W – Females being able to earn an income means they can support themselves, reducing levels of stress and anxiety.
Spiritual H+W – Having equal access to opportunities such as schooling, employment etc. can empower women and create a greater sense of meaning and purpose in their life, enhancing spiritual H+W.
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Aim of education and health priority
The aim of education and health is to invest in better education, enabling people to get the skills they need to contribute to the economy and invest in health to ensure access to better health and the ability to live healthy, productive lives.
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How does education and health promote human development?
Education allows for access to knowledge and can enhance capabilities and expand choices.
Access to better health ensures people can have a decent standard of living. If someone is in good health and is able to live healthy, productive live, they will be better able to participate in the community and decisions affecting their lives.
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What is the aim of effective governance: policies, institutions, functioning economies
The aim of the priority is to promote effective governance through providing advice to governments of low income countries on financial management and the establishment of institutions such as health systems, police force and legal systems.
80
How does effective governance: policies, institutions, functioning economies promote health status?
Implementation of a police force will reduce levels of violence on the streets, meaning rate of morbidity from injuries will decrease.
Implementing an effective health system will allow individuals of a nation to access the health care they need to remain at optimal levels of health and wellbeing. This can include education, treatment and access to essential medicines, which allows people to avoid disease or recover from it quicker. This therefore reduces rates of morbidity and mortality from disease and can extend life expectancy.
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World Vision mission/values
Community development – World vision works alongside poor communities to find solutions to problems such as malnutrition, lack of safe drinking water, disease and unemployment.
Humanitarian and emergency relief – World Vision provides rapid emergency relief to people affected by conflict, flood, drought and other natural disasters.
Tackling injustice through policy change, education and advocacy – World Vision engages governments, institutions, donors, communities and the public to address underlying causes of poverty and supports training and projects that empower communities to speak up for their rights and influence change.
82
World Vision overseas projects
7-11 strategy for Maternal and Child health
| 40-hour famine
83
How does 7-11 strategy for Maternal and Child health promote human development?
The World Vision’s Strategy for Maternal and Child Health provides the framework for which World Vision can address the health and wellbeing of children and their mothers. This program allows for children to access the nutrients they need (appropriate breastfeeding, adequate diet etc.) and therefore they can develop to their full potential. It also allows for families, particularly mothers and children, to achieve a decent standard of living.
84
How does 40-hour famine promote human development?
40-hour famine is an event that aims to raise money and awareness about world hunger. The donations will go toward assisting those who are affected by world hunger, through education on how to grow and maintain crops, providing food resources to those ill etc. This enhances the capabilities of those populations and provides them with the ability to achieve a decent standard of living.
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Features of effective aid programs
Ownership by recipient country
Partnerships
Results focused
Transparency and shared responsibility
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Program addressing SDG 1 No Poverty
Nuton Jibon Livelihood Improvement Program in Bangladesh
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Purpose of SDG 1 program (Nuton Jibon)
The purpose of Nuton Jibon is to:
- Empower the rural poor, with a focus on women
- Improve living conditions of the poor by increasing the income they receive
- Develop skills and generate employment opportunities for the unemployed youth
- Provide grants directly to community
- Provide support to village organisations
- Prevent malnutrition
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How does Nuton Jibon display ownership?
Ownership – NJ meets the real need in Bangladesh of supporting the millions of those in poverty, particularly in rural areas where they are affected the most. Members of the foundation worked alongside community members, indicating the community were involved in the program.
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How does Nuton Jibon display partnerships?
NJ collaborates with the Bangladeshi Government and Social Development Foundation, allowing for resources are used more effectively, strengths and expertise are combined, community involvement is ensured and the skills and knowledge of locals are developed.
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How does Nuton Jibon display results focus?
Results focus – NJ empowers women in many ways. The programs focuses on women as they are more likely to act collectively and repay loans and the income increase therefore controlled by women is more likely to benefit the entire community.
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How does Nuton Jibon promote health and wellbeing?
Physical - NJ provides financial support, which means a person can afford health promoting resources like nutritious food, medicine etc. This promotes efficient functioning of the body and its systems and reduces the risk of disease, enhancing physical health and wellbeing.
Mental H+W – NJ is able to improve the food security of participants, decreasing stress and anxiety levels associated with hunger, food insecurity.
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How does Nuton Jibon promote human development?
Through financial support, people living in poverty will be better able to send their children to school, where they can get an education/access to knowledge and enhance their capabilities/expand their choices.
By providing unemployed youth opportunities to develop skills, knowledge and employment opportunities, they can enhance their capabilities and expand their choices.
With more financial stability and empowerment as a result of the program, females will be more capable to participate in their community and experience a decent standard of living.
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Program addressing SDG 3 good health and wellbeing
Sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing program in Cambodia
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What is the purpose of the sex health program (SDG3)
The purpose of program is to improve access to sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing information in the remote communities of Cambodia.
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How does the SDG3 program demonstrate ownership?
Teams of village members and district leaders visit each family and encourage them to participate in the information sessions
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How does the SDG 3 program demonstrate partnership?
The program was implemented by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) in partnership with UNICEF and the health, education, and women’s affairs sectors of the Cambodian government
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How does the SDG 3 program demonstrate results focus?
District leaders are trained to conduct outreach information sessions on the sensitive topics associated with sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing
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How does SDG 3 program promote H+W?
Physical health and wellbeing – the program educates the communities about sexual and reproductive health, better enabling them to prevent the spread of communicable diseases like HIV/AIDS, enhancing physical H+W.
Mental health and wellbeing – helping communities access antenatal care and contraceptive measures reduces levels of stress and anxiety involved with pregnancy and accidental pregnancies, so the mothers know they are unlikely to get pregnant or know their baby is healthy in pregnancy, enhancing mental health and wellbeing.
Emotional health and wellbeing - Stillbirths and newborn deaths are much more common among adolescent mothers, with the resulting loss and grief affecting emotional health and wellbeing
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How does SDG 3 program promote human development?
The program promotes human development as females having access to contraception allows them to choose when to have children, so they participate in decisions that affect their lives.
Access to antenatal care through the program also means mothers can support their children better, so they develop to their full potential and enjoy a long and healthy life.
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Program addressing SDG 2 zero hunger
Agricultural productivity and Food Security in Burkina Faso
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How is Agricultural productivity and Food Security in Burkina Faso implemented?
Improvement in food production and accessibility
Post-harvest loss reduction
Agricultural market coordination
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How does Agricultural productivity and Food Security in Burkina Faso promote H+W?
Physical – Allows for growing of nutritious food so more people can access it, preventing malnutrition and allowing for efficient functioning of the body and its systems.
Mental H+W – Job opportunities provides income for people in the communities, so less stress and anxiety involved financially. Also increase food security, further reducing levels of stress and anxiety.
103
How does Agricultural productivity and Food Security in Burkina Faso promote human development?
Providing income to workers through new jobs allows for citiznes to experience a decent standard of living.
Job creation expands people’s choices.
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Program addressing SDG4 quality education
Family learning program - Mozambique
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Purpose of family learning program (SDG 4)
The program purpose is to provide the aid for the families living in these communities through education programs that all people within the communities are able to access equally that will allows for these rates of illiteracy to be decreased.
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How is the family learning program (SDG 4) implemented?
Results focus - The program aims to equip non-literate families with literacy, numeracy and life-skills, such as hygiene techniques, nutrition and parenting. The program also aims to address the scarcity of early childhood education in Mozambique.
Ownership - The programme equips parents with the skills they need to support the early development of their children and prepare them for primary school education through joint learning
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How does family learning program promote H+W?
Impact on health and wellbeing: Learning literacy skills in Mozambique gives individuals better skills and therefore increases their employability and ability to earn an income. With increased income people have greater access to resources to improve physical health and wellbeing such as nutritious food and access to healthcare. Additionally, within a workplace people have the opportunity to socialise and form meaningful relationships positively impacting social health and wellbeing
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How does family learning promote human development? (SDG 4)
By equipping illiterate families with literacy and numeracy skills, the people living in the uneducated communities of Mozambique are able to access knowledge and therefore expand their choices with greater abilities and enhance their capabilities.
The Family Learning Program also provides illiterate families with life skills, such as hygiene techniques, nutrition and parenting. These skills and knowledge allows for families in Mozambique to experience a decent standard of living.
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Program addressing SDG 5 gender equality
India's Barefoot College- Solar Program
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Purpose of India's barefoot college solar program (SDG5)
The program aims to empower rural women, particularly those semi-literate or illiterate.
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How is India's barefoot college program (SDG 5) implemented?
Partnership - partnership with local and national organisations, a team from the Barefoot College and the Village Energy and Environment Committee (VEEC), look for rural communities where they believe solar energy will make a substantial difference.
Owenership - The program is based on the belief that the village community needs to manage, control and own the solar generators as well as repair and maintain them.
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How does the SDG 5 program promote H+W
Impact on health and well-being: By being provided with lights the program promotes and impacts mental health and well-being. This links to mental health and well-being by children and women becoming less vulnerable to violence which lowers levels of stress and anxiety.
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How does the SDG 5 program promote human development?
It improves the quality of life for the women and for those living in the community. The women have more freedom and opportunities to have control and make choices about factors affecting their lives. This program promotes gender equality.
Women, who are traditionally discouraged from gaining an education or being employed, are provided with the knowledge and skills to contribute to their community and earn an income doing so.
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Program addressing SDG 6 clean water and sanitation
Water for communities in Ghana
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Purpose of Water for Communities in Ghana (SDG 6)
The purpose of the water program was to provide sustainable access to 20 litres of clean drinking water per person per day to 10 communities in Zabzugu to reduce the prevalence of diseases in the community caused by drinking unsafe water
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How was Water for Communities in Ghana implemented?
Ownership - • Establishing a water committee within each community who are trained to keep the wells maintained
Results focus - Planning to ensure the wells are place in areas of greatest needs, mapping and research was used in order to locate the best water sources before building, Installing of hand pumps for protection of the wells to avoid contamination so installation is successful and long term.
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How does Water for Communities promote H+W
The provision of clean water and sanitation is essential for the prevention of a range of diseases, such as diarrhoea and cholera, which improves physical health and wellbeing and reduces under-five mortality rates.
The time spent by the population, usually women and children, collecting water will be dramatically reduced, which means children are able to attend school and women are able to work to earn an income. This promotes social health and wellbeing and brings about a sense of pride and self-esteem, which promotes emotional and mental health and wellbeing
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How does Water for Communities promote human development
Improvements in physical health and wellbeing due to access to resources such as clean water and sanitation is important for human development as it provides opportunities for people to enjoy a decent standard of living and develop to their full potential. People feel empowered to participate in the social and political life of their community and have greater control over the decisions that affect their life. Life expectancy is increased and individuals have a greater chance of living a productive and creative life in accord with their needs and interests.
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Program addressing SDG 13 Climate Action (just name a couple countries its in)
Adaptive farms, resilient tables – Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Haiti, Mali, Niger and Sudan
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Purpose of adaptive farms, resilient tables (sdg13)
The aim of Adaptive Farms, Resilient Tables program is to support 6 low-income nations strengthen climate resilience and improve food security.
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How does adaptive farms, resilient tables display ownership?
Ownership – The program works with individuals in the communities of these nations, such as rural farmers and women, to improve access to water, introduce variety of crops, provide income for women etc. which allows for the communities to be involved and have a say in how the program is implemented.
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How does adaptive farms, resilient tables display partnerships?
Partnership – The program is being implemented by the United Nations, government of Canada and the Global Environment Facilities Least Developed Countries Fund, a non-government organisation, as well as the local communities of the 6 targeted nations, allowing for the skills of the local community to be built while also having multiple different agencies aid the program so it does what it is intended to.
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How does adaptive farms, resilient tables display results focus?
Adaptive Farms is able to empower women and promote gender equality by generating agricultural input areas for women, which allows for them to improve their nutrition and earn an income. It also allows for a reduction in food insecurity with provision of new crops that aren’t as affected by climate change and a reduction in poverty through employment opportunities.
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How does adaptive farms promote H+W
Physical health and wellbeing – reduction in food insecurity means people are able to access the nutritious food they need for the body and its systems to function effectively, such as the immune system. This reduces risk of disease, enhancing physical health and wellbeing.
Mental health and wellbeing – Reduction in food insecurity means more people know when their next meal is coming, reducing levels of stress and anxiety.
Spiritual health and wellbeing – by providing women with agricultural input opportunities where they can earn an income, women can feel more connected to their communities as they have a greater impact and this can lead to an increased sense of belonging, enhancing spiritual health and wellbeing.
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How does adaptive farms (sdg13) promote human development?
By providing women with agricultural input opportunities where they can earn an income, women are able to achieve a decent standard of living.
By providing women with agricultural input opportunities where they can earn an income, gender equality is enhanced, providing females with the ability to participate in the life of the community and decisions that affect their lives.
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Why might people engage in social action?
- To help those who are less fortunate than themselves
- Ensure that the needs of all people are represented
- To eliminate discrimination
- To prevent harm and damage to the community and environment
- Preserve something of historical or social value
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Ways of taking social action
- Volunteer
- Donate money to NGOs
- Conduct fundraising events
- Sign petitions
- Develop awareness campaigns
- Purchase products that promote social change
- Lobby governments
- Organise a boycott
- Start a social enterprise activity
