Chapter 11 & 12 Flashcards
(46 cards)
Drive
A state of unrest or irritation that energizes one behavior over another until one of them removed the irritation
Homeostasis
The maintenance of an optimum level of biological conditions within an organism
Allostasis
Defined as maintaining levels of biological conditions that very according to an individual’s needs and circumstances
Incentives
External stimuli that pull us toward certain actions
Intrinsic motivation
Motivation to do an act for its own sake
Extrinsic motivation
Based on the reinforcements and punishments that the act may bring
Hierarchy of needs
In organization from the most insistent needs to the ones that receive attention only when all others are under control
(1) Self-actualization
The need for creative activities to fulfill your potential
Ghrelin
A hormone released when the stomach is empty to stimulate hunger
Glucose
The most abundant sugar in your blood, is an important source of energy for the body and almost the only source for the brain
Insulin
Increases the flow of glucose and several other nutrients into body cells
Glucagon
Stimulates the liver to release stored glucose back into the blood
Leptin
The body’s fat cells release this in amounts proportional to their mass
Arcuate nucleus
Within the hypothalamus, has one set of neurons that receive hunger signals
Obesity
Excessive accumulation of body fat
Anorexia Nervosa
Condition in which someone refuses to eat enough to maintain a stable weight, intensely fears gaining weight, and misperceives his or her body as fatter than it actually is
Bulimia Nervosa
Self deprivation and periods of excessive eating when they feel they have lost their ability to control themselves
Scientific-management approach
Theory X, most employees are lazy, indifferent, and in creative
Human relations approach
Theory Y, employees like variety in their job, a sense of accomplishment, and a sense of responsibility.
Mere measurement effect
Simply estimating your probability of doing some desirable activity increases your probability of that action
Autonomic nervous system
This section of the nervous system that controls the organs such as heart and intestines
Sympathetic nervous system
Arouses the body for vigorous action
Parasympathetic nervous system
Neurons who’s axons extend from the medulla and the lower part of the spinal cord to neuron closures near the organs the parasympathetic nervous system decreases the heart rate and promotes digestion and other non-emergency functions
James-Lange theory
Your interpretation of the stimulus of oaks autonomic changes and sometimes muscle actions. your perception of those changes is the feeling it aspect of your emotion
