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Animal Behavior > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 2 main factors affect density of individuals in habitats?
a) Number of individuals
b) Learn distribution
c) amount of resources
d) a and c

A

1) amount of resources
2) Number of individuals

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2
Q

How animals distribute themselves among habitats/food patches this is called?
a) relative fitness payoff
b) ideal free distribution (IFD)
c) learn distribution
d) Conspecific attraction

A

Ideal free distribution (IFD) model

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3
Q

Ideal free distribution
ASSUMPTIONS:
1) Individuals attempt to _____________
2) Habitat locations differ in ______________
Fitness of individuals is **___________________ dependent
3) Individuals are ___________________
4) Individuals are free to move at no cost
Place in the correct spot (resources, Negative density, equal competitors, maximize fitness)

A

1) Maximize fitness
2) resources
3) NEGATIVELY DENSITY
4) equal competitors

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4
Q

IFD
Predictions:
1) Individuals will settle in habitats based on ________________
a) More animals in ___________________ habitats
a) relative fitness payoff
b) food available
c) higher quality
d) rich patch
e) a and b
d) a and c

A

1) Relative fitness payoff
2) higher quality

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5
Q

IFD
predictions:
2) all individuals will have _______________
a) less fitness
b) higher fitness
c) learn distribution
d) same fitness

A

same fitness (IMPORTANT)

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6
Q

How do guppies distribute themselves among food patches?
-Distribution of fish affected by ___________________
- AM fewer fish used _______________
-later, distributions matched IFD prediction
-Feeding intake was ______________ within a patch
Place these in the correct spot ( rich patch, similar, food available)

A

1) food available
2) rich patch
3) Similar

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7
Q

How do guppies distribute themselves among food patches?
(conclusion)
-Guppies followed IFD; had to ___________________ of food
a) relative habitat quality
b) Learn distribution
c) gain
d) loss

A

Learn distribution

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8
Q

IFD predicts number of individuals in habitats __________________
a) multiple at a time
b) one at a time
c) learn distribution
d) gain experience

A

at one time

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9
Q

IFD can also be used to predict over many years
-Plots density of individuals in habitat 1 vs. habitat 2 over SEVERAL POINTS IN TIME this is called?
a) relative habitat quality
b)
c)
d) linear isodar

A

Linear ISODAR

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10
Q

How do pike distribute themselves among habitats in a lake each year?
a) abundance
b) food available
c) relative habitat quality
d) rich patch

A

relative habitat quality

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11
Q

(the ideal free distribution model and pike)
Fecundity (fitness) DECLINES with ___________________; fitness ______________ density dependent
-OBSERVED LINEAR ISODAR
a)
b)
c)
d)

A

1) pike abundance
2) negative

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12
Q

IFD accurately predicts pike ____________ in these habitats

A

Density

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13
Q

What assumes individuals can asses the relative quality of different habitats?
a) allee affect
b) conspecific cuing
c) conspecific attraction
d) IFD

A

IFD

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14
Q

Cuckoos use ______________ to locate gypsy moth outbreaks/habitats with abundant food

A

Defoliation

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15
Q

Cuckoo abundance peaked in _____________________

A

year of outbreak

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16
Q

Conclusion:
-Gypsy moth outbreaks affect abundance of cuckoos
- __________________ may provide cue

A

Defoliated trees

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17
Q

IFD model predicts new settlers should ___________ competitors

A

avoid

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18
Q

Individuals prefer to SETTLE NEAR OTHERS this is called?
a) allee affect
b) conspecific cuing
c) conspecific attraction
d) IFD

A

Conspecific attraction

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19
Q

When population size is low, fitness increases with DENSITY this is called?
a) allee affect
b) conspecific cuing
c) conspecific attraction
d) IFD

A

Allee effect

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20
Q

Presence of another is cue to a HIGH QUALITY location this is called?
a) allee affect
b) conspecific cuing
c) conspecific attraction
d) IFD

A

Conspecific cueing

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21
Q

Allee effect and conspecific queuing are both classified as?
a) allee affect
b) conspecific cuing
c) conspecific attraction
d) IFD

A

Conspecific attraction

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22
Q

Grasshoppers have
a) allee affect
b) conspecific cuing
c) conspecific attraction
d) IFD

A

conspecific attraction

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23
Q

Male grasshoppers prefer bushes with ___________
a) allee affect
b) conspecific cuing
c) conspecific attraction
d) IFD

Study These Flashcards
A

conspecific attraction

24
Q

How do male American redstarts select habitat patches?
a) allee affect
b) conspecific cuing
c) conspecific attraction
d) IFD

Study These Flashcards
A

Conspecific cueing

25
(American redstarts) -New immigrants strongly preferred ______________ -Returning adults and yearlings showed _______________
1) Playback plots 2) No preference
26
(American redstarts) -___________________ important mechanism for habitat selection for OLDER IMMIGRANT MALES a) allee affect b) conspecific cuing c) conspecific attraction d) IFD e) territory
conspecific (cueing) attraction
27
Area DEFENDED to obtain EXCLUSIVE ACCESS to resources with no OVERLAP is called? a) allee affect b) conspecific cuing c) conspecific attraction d) IFD e) territory
Territory
28
Areas of repeated use NOT DEFENDED from conspecifics with OVERLAP is called? a) home range b) conspecific cuing c) conspecific attraction d) IFD e) territory
Home range
29
____________ affects territoriality in damselfies
Body condition
30
(damselfies) -Territorial males had _________________- than non-territorial males - Experimentally challenged males had ________________ reserves
1) Higher fat reserves 2) lowest fat
31
(Damselfies) Territorial defense _____________________;
energetically expensive
32
(environmental factors and territory size in parrotfish) Territory size ___________ with increasing competitors density
decline
33
(environmental factors and territory size in parrotfish) ____________________ cost of territory defense affects territory size in parrotfish
COMPETITOR DENSITY
34
steroid hormone is
proximate
35
What causes this? -in seasonal reproducers, plasma T changes with PHOTOPERIOD -INCREASE production in spring (day grow longer) -DECREASE production in autumn (days shorten)
Testosterone
36
Hormones influence
aggression
37
(Hormones influence aggression) _______________________ cycling T pattern in free-living male song sparrows vs. socially isolate captives
Photoperiod dependent
38
Male-male interaction TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION/ sustain AGGRESSIVE behavior this is called? a) winner challenge effect b) winner effect c) conspecific attraction d) IFD e) Challenge hypothesis
Challenge hypothesis
39
Winning subsequent encounters is called? a) winner challenge effect b) winner effect c) conspecific attraction d) IFD e) Challenge hypothesis
Winner effect
40
Winning increases Testosterone enhancing AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR likelihood of contests is called? a) winner challenge effect b) winner effect c) conspecific attraction d) IFD e) Challenge hypothesis
Winner challenge effect
41
(Winning-challenge effect in the california mouse) Winning fights enhances __________________ and enhances ________________ in future fights
1) Testosterone levels 2) Success
42
(challenge hypothesis and bystander in fish) Bystanders ________________________ than control 30min after observing interaction -Viewing _______________________ increased testosterone levels
1) Had higher testosterone 2) aggressive interaction
43
Hockey players had ___________________ after watching winning vs. losing game
Higher testosterone
44
What is designed to explain increased T-plasma titers in vertebrates in response to challenge
Challenge hypothesis
45
-Affects insect physiology and behavior -_________________ similar fitness benefits and tradeoffs as T in vertebrates
Juvenile Hormone (JH)
46
What cause aggression in wasps?
Juvenile hormone
47
Removal of queen __________ JH -________________ positively correlated with JH removal colonies -Social stimulation enhances _____________________
1) increase 2) Aggression 3) JH titer and aggression
48
Which of the following are Ultimate causes for aggression? a) self assessment model b) resource holding potential c) hawk dove model d) Mutual assessment model
Hawk-dove model
49
-used to understand variation in fighting behavior -Two strategies: HAWL (fight until VICTORY/INJURY) and DOVE (NEVER FIGHT; low cost display) -Payoff depend on STRATEGY OF OPPONENT; benefits and costs of fighting -Predicts EVOLUTIONARY STABLE STRATEGY (ESS) : both hawks and doves exist with equal fitness THIS IS CALLED? a) self assessment model b) resource holding potential c) hawk dove model d) Mutual assessment model
Hawk-dove model
50
Individuals differ in fighting ability is called? a) self assessment model b) resource holding potential c) hawk dove model d) Mutual assessment model
Resource Holding Potential (RHP)
51
Fighting behavior affected by value of
resource
52
(wrestling behavior in red spotted newts) Duration of wrestling positively correlated with ___________________
Female body length
53
(wrestling behavior in red spotted newts) Value of resource affects __________________________ in red spotted newts
Fight duration
54
Which of the following is an ultimate cause:
Wrestling behavior in red spotted newts
55
Individual engages in contest until it reaches COST THRESHOLD -first individual to reach cost threshold losses fight this is called? a) self assessment model b) resource holding potential c) hawk dove model d) Mutual assessment model
Self assessment model
56
-Individual assess RELATIVE FIGHT ABILITY of opponent -Individual with HIGHER RHP wins fight This is called? a) self assessment model b) resource holding potential c) hawk dove model d) Mutual assessment model
Mutual assessment models
57
(male fiddler crabs) Results match predictions of _______________________ model a) self assessment model b) resource holding potential c) hawk dove model d) Mutual assessment model
self-assessment

Animal Behavior (15 decks)

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