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Intro to Business > chapter 11 > Flashcards

chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what is motivation?

A

the overall desire to excel

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2
Q

what is the key to leadership success?

A

motivating others to do their best

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3
Q

how does a leader motivate others to do their best?

A

they need to tap in to peoples different modes of motivation that will motivate each employee

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4
Q

why is motivation important?

A

because it will cause your team to work at their highest level

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5
Q

what are the 2 kinds of rewards?

A

intrinsic rewards
extrinsic rewards

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6
Q

what are intrinsic rewards?

A

the good feeling someone gets when they have done a good job

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7
Q

what are extrinsic rewards?

A

something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work, they include pay increases, praise and promotions

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8
Q

what kind of reward do managers have control over?

A

extrinsic rewards

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9
Q

what are the 2 kinds of management concepts?

A

scientific
behavioural

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10
Q

who’s management concept is scientific?

A

taylors

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11
Q

whos are the 5 kinds of behavioural concepts of management?

A

mayos Hawthorne effect
maslows hierarchy of needs
herzberg motivating factors
mcgregor X and Y theories
victor vroom expectancy theory

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12
Q

what is fredrick Taylors management concept?

A

you can increase productivity by studying the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching workers those methods

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13
Q

what are the three elements of Fredrick Taylors management concept?

A

time
methods
rules of work

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14
Q

why was time an element of fredrick Taylors management concept?

A

because you would find out the fastest and most efficient way of doing a job

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15
Q

why was methods a element of fredrick Taylors management concept?

A

you would find the most efficient method of doing something and then teach that method

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16
Q

why was rules of work an element of fredrick Taylors management concept?

A

because the rules of work gave the employee a set guide line to follow to be as efficient as possible

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17
Q

what kind of study was done to breakdown the tasks needed to do a job and the time needed for each task?

A

time and motion studies

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18
Q

what is an example of time and motion studies?

A

a back opening an account for a customer, they would break down all the steps of opening an account, then see how long it took and then teach and use the rules of work to implement the most efficient methods of work

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19
Q

what is scientific management?

A

management that viewed people as machines and had little concern for the psychological human aspects of work

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20
Q

what is an example of Taylors ideas being used today?

A

ups tells drivers how fast to walk, how many packages to deliver per day and how to hold their keys. this makes sure the job is done as efficient as possible

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21
Q

what is the Hawthorne study?

A

elton mayo came to the Hawthorne plant to test the degree of lighting associated with the optimum productivity

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22
Q

what did mayo hypothesize from the Hawthorne study?

A

mayo hypothesized that human or psychological factors caused increases in the workers performance

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23
Q

what did the Hawthorne studies result in?

A

that a managerial style that had more supervision on the employees lead to more productivity

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24
Q

what does the Hawthorne effect refer to?

A

the tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied or watched

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25
Q

who conducted the Hawthorne study?

A

elton mayo

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26
Q

what is maslows hierarchy of needs?

A

is the idea that motivation arises from needs and one is motivated to satisfy unmet needs and people are motivated to work or do something if one of their needs can be met

27
Q

what are the 5 principles of maslows hierarchy?

A

motivation arises from needs

one is motivated by unmet needs

when one need is satisfied another higher-level need emerges

a satisfied need is no longer a motivator

lower-level needs can pop up at any time and take attention away from higher level needs

28
Q

what are the 5 needs in maslows hierarchy (from top to bottom)?

A

self actualization
esteem needs
social needs
safety needs
physiological needs

29
Q

what are physiological needs in maslows hierarchy?

A

basic survival needs including the need to drink eat and be sheltered

30
Q

what are saftey needs in maslows hierarchy?

A

the need to feel secure at work and home

31
Q

what are social needs in maslows hierarchy?

A

the need to feel loved, accepted and part of the group

32
Q

what are esteem needs in maslows hierarchy?

A

the need for recognition and acknowledgments from others, as well as self respect and a sense of status

33
Q

what are self-actualization needs?

A

the need to develop to your fullest potential

34
Q

how will the level of an employees needs that are being met effect their work?

A

depending on how many of their needs are met it can effect their performance at work, if their lower level needs are not met it can impact their commitment at work

35
Q

what was herzburgs theory on motivation?

A

there were job related factors of the job that motivated the workers

36
Q

what are the 5 most important motivating factors in herzbergs motivating factors(in order)?

A

1) work itself
2) sense of achievement
3) earned recognition
4) responsibility
5) growth and advancement

37
Q

what are hygiene factors?

A

things that are inherent with the job

38
Q

what are some examples of hygiene factors?

A

personal life
salary
working conditions
job security
company policy and administration
supervision
peers
subordinates
superior
interpersonal relations between employees

39
Q

what was the correlation between the hygiene factors and job satisfaction / dissatisfaction?

A

the presence of good hygiene factors reduced Job dissatisfaction but did not increase job satisfaction

40
Q

what is the difference between maslows hierarchy and herzbergs motivating factors?

A

maslows hierarchy belives that what motivates an employee is fulfilling their own personal needs but herzbergs motivating factors belived that employees are motivated by functions of the job

41
Q

what is Mcgregors X and Y theory?

A

the way that managers motivate workers greatly depends on how the manager views the workers attitudes towards work, attitudes normally fell in in one of two sets of attitudes; theory X and theory Y

42
Q

what was theory X managers 6 assumptions about workers attitude?

A

they feel the worker:
disliked work

avoided responsibility

little ambition

they needed to be forced/ threatened/ controlled/ directed

they were motivated by fear and money

they were lazy

43
Q

what was theory Y managers 5 assumptions about workers attitude?

A

they felt like workers;
liked work and naturally work towards goals
seek responsibility
they were imaginative, creative and clever
motivated by empowerment
wanted opportunities to grow

44
Q

between theory X and Y what is bad and good?

A

X is bad
Y is good

45
Q

why are employee surveys done?

A

to help managers understand needs and motivators of their employee so they can learn how to motivate them

46
Q

what is management by objectives (MBO)?

A

a system of goal setting and implementation that involves a cycle of discussion, review and evaluation of objectives among top and middle level management, MBO is most efficient for higher level positions in stable and longterm companies

47
Q

what does MBO stand for?

A

management by objectives

48
Q

what are the 3 important factors in MBO?

A

the goals needs to accepted

they need to be accompanied by feedback so the goals are realistic

the goals need to be facilitated by organizational conditions so the goals can be completed

49
Q

what SMART stand for?

A

Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Realistic
Timley

50
Q

why is smart important when goals setting?

A

because if the goals are SMART it will keep the worker engaged in the goals

51
Q

what is victor vrooms expectancy theory?

A

the amount of effort that employees put in to a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome and those expectations can vary from individual to individual. depending on if they can do the task and if the outcome is worth it then the worker will be motivated

52
Q

what are 3 expectations an employee can expect?

A

possible raises
bonuses
protections from being laid off

53
Q

what are the 5 steps to use expectancy theory?

A

determine what rewards employees value

determine each employees desired performance standard

ensure that performance standards are attainable using SMART goal setting

guarantee rewards are tied to performance

be certain that employees consider the rewards worth it

54
Q

what is the reinforcement theory?

A

positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers and punishments motivate employees to behave in a certain way and keep people productive

55
Q

why would positive reinforcements motivate a person?

A

positive reinforcements will make an employee continue to work hard and not slack of when they have been meeting goals

56
Q

why would negative reinforcements motivate a person?

A

they can make a person work harder and become more productive when there is potential negative consequences if they do not change their actions

57
Q

how can punishments change a persons behaviours?

A

they can stop being from repeatedly do negative things

58
Q

what is equity theory?

A

it looks at how employees perceptions of fairness effect their willingness to perform

59
Q

why is open communication important for motivation?

A

communication and information must flow freely throughout the organization when employees are empowered to make decisions

60
Q

why is building team work an important for motivation?

A

having teams and teamwork creates an environment in which learning can happen because most learning happen at the peer or lowest level, the more comfortable the team is with each other the more motivation they will have

61
Q

why is job recognition important for motivation?

A

letting people know you appreciate their work is usually more powerful then giving a raise or bonus and will lead to happier employees

62
Q

why is it important for managers to personalize motivation?

A

there is no one-size fits all for motivational formula for all employees, each employee has different values and needs that need to be met and will help motivate employees, this is why managers need to get to know each worker personally and tailor the motivational efforts to the individual

63
Q

why would a manager need to change their motivational approach when trying to motivate employees around the globe?

A

different cultures experiences motivational approaches differently because there would be different values that motivate foreign employees

Intro to Business (25 decks)

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