Chapter 11 Flashcards
(50 cards)
What is the primary function of protein sorting?
To ensure proteins are correctly targeted to their appropriate cellular locations.
True or False: Protein sorting is a crucial process for maintaining cellular function.
True
What is the role of nuclear transport in the cell?
To regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the nucleus.
Fill in the blank: Nuclear transport is essential for maintaining ____________ integrity.
Genomic
What are the two main pathways for protein sorting in eukaryotic cells?
The secretory pathway and the endocytic pathway.
What is the function of signal sequences in protein sorting?
They direct proteins to their correct subcellular locations.
What is the nuclear localization signal (NLS) responsible for?
Targeting proteins to the nucleus.
What is the main mechanism for nuclear transport?
Nuclear pore complexes.
What is the role of importins in nuclear transport?
They facilitate the import of proteins into the nucleus.
What is the function of Ran in nuclear transport?
To regulate the directionality of transport through the nuclear pore complex.
What is the function of nuclear export signals (NES) in nuclear transport?
They target proteins for export from the nucleus.
What are the key players involved in protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network?
COPI and COPII vesicles.
What is the role of clathrin-coated vesicles in protein sorting at the plasma membrane?
They facilitate receptor-mediated endocytosis.
What is the function of adaptins in clathrin-coated vesicle formation?
They help select cargo molecules for transport.
What is the function of karyopherins in nuclear transport?
To mediate the transport of proteins through the nuclear pore complex.
What is the role of the small GTPase Ran in nuclear transport?
To regulate the association and dissociation of cargo proteins with importins and exportins.
What is the function of nucleoporins in nuclear transport?
To form the structural framework of the nuclear pore complex.
What is the purpose of nuclear import/export receptors in nuclear transport?
To recognize and bind cargo proteins for transport.
What is the significance of protein phosphorylation in nuclear transport?
It can regulate the activity of nuclear transport factors.
What is the role of the nuclear envelope in nuclear transport?
It acts as a barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
What is the function of the nuclear pore complex in nuclear transport?
To allow selective passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
What is the key difference between nuclear import and export signals?
Import signals target proteins for import into the nucleus, while export signals target proteins for export from the nucleus.
What is the role of importin alpha in nuclear transport?
To recognize and bind cargo proteins with a nuclear localization signal.
What is the function of nuclear import receptors in nuclear transport?
To deliver cargo proteins to the nuclear pore complex for translocation into the nucleus.
