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BIO112 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

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2
Q

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.

A

False

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3
Q

What is the function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

A

Enzymes regulate and control the flow of biochemical reactions in cells.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are highly ________ in their specificity for substrates.

A

specific

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5
Q

What is the region on an enzyme where the substrate binds?

A

Active site

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6
Q

What is the term for the substance on which an enzyme acts?

A

Substrate

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7
Q

True or False: Enzymes alter the equilibrium of a reaction.

A

False

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8
Q

What is the term for the process of an enzyme losing its shape and becoming nonfunctional?

A

Denaturation

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9
Q

What are the two main categories of enzymes based on the type of reaction they catalyze?

A

Oxidoreductases and hydrolases

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are usually named by adding the suffix ________ to the substrate name.

A

-ase

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11
Q

What is the term for a nonprotein compound necessary for the functioning of an enzyme?

A

Cofactor

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12
Q

What is the term for a cofactor that is an organic molecule?

A

Coenzyme

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13
Q

True or False: Enzymes are affected by changes in temperature and pH.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the term for the maximum rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

A

Vmax

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15
Q

What is the term for the substrate concentration at which an enzyme works at half of its maximum velocity?

A

Km (Michaelis constant)

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16
Q

What is the term for a substance that reduces the activity of an enzyme by binding to a site other than the active site?

A

Noncompetitive inhibitor

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: Competitive inhibitors compete with the ________ for binding to the active site of an enzyme.

A

substrate

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18
Q

What is the term for the process of an enzyme catalyzing a reaction in reverse?

A

Reversible inhibition

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19
Q

True or False: Allosteric regulation involves the binding of a molecule to the active site of an enzyme.

A

False

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20
Q

What is the term for molecules that bind to allosteric sites and regulate enzyme activity?

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A

Allosteric regulators

21
Q

What is the term for the process in which the product of a reaction inhibits the enzyme catalyzing the reaction?

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A

Feedback inhibition

22
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes lower the ________ of activation for chemical reactions.

23
Q

What is the term for a group of enzymes that break down proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids?

24
Q

True or False: Enzymes are used in industrial processes to produce various products.

25
What is the term for the process of an enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another?
Transferase activity
26
Fill in the blank: Enzymes are essential for the digestion of ________ in the human body.
food
27
What is the term for enzymes that can function at extreme temperatures or pH levels?
Extremozymes
28
True or False: Enzymes are highly specific and can catalyze a wide range of reactions.
False
29
What is the term for the process in which an enzyme catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule?
Phosphorylation
30
What is the term for an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from a molecule?
Dephosphorylase
31
Fill in the blank: Enzymes are crucial for the synthesis of ________ in cells.
DNA and RNA
32
What is the term for an enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two molecules?
Ligase
33
True or False: Enzymes can only catalyze reactions in living organisms.
False
34
What is the term for enzymes that break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol?
Lipases
35
What is the term for the process of an enzyme catalyzing the addition of a molecule of water to a substance?
Hydration
36
Fill in the blank: Enzymes play a crucial role in the regulation of ________ in cells.
metabolism
37
What is the term for a group of enzymes that catalyze the addition of a group to a double bond?
Hydroxylases
38
True or False: Enzymes are only found in animals.
False
39
What is the term for the process of an enzyme catalyzing the removal of a group from a molecule?
Dehydration
40
What is the term for an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of a bond by adding water?
Hydrolase
41
Fill in the blank: Enzymes play a critical role in the regulation of ________ in living organisms.
cellular processes
42
What is the term for enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another?
Transaminases
43
True or False: Enzymes can only catalyze reactions in specific conditions.
True
44
What is the term for enzymes that catalyze the addition of a group to a molecule without the direct involvement of ATP?
Synthetases
45
What is the term for the process of an enzyme catalyzing the breakdown of glycogen into glucose?
Glycogenolysis
46
Fill in the blank: Enzymes are essential for the synthesis of ________ in cells.
proteins
47
What is the term for an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a group from one molecule to another?
Transferase
48
True or False: Enzymes are only used in biological processes.
False
49
What is the term for enzymes that catalyze the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule?
Kinases

BIO112 (6 decks)

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