Chapter 11

Question 1

glass ceiling

Answer 1

an invisible barrier attributable to subtle discrimination that keeps women and minorities out of the top positions of business

Question 2

human resources (HR) management

Answer 2

The specialized function of planning how to obtain employees, oversee their training, evaluate them, and compensate them

Question 3

employee experience

Answer 3

What the entire journey of being an employee in the organization is like, both day to day and over the long term

Question 4

diversity

Answer 4

All the characteristics and experiences that define people as individuals

Question 5

sexism

Answer 5

Discrimination on the basis of gender

Question 6

job specification

Answer 6

A statement describing the kind of person who would be best for a given job—including the skills, education, and previous experience that the job requires

Question 7

diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives

Answer 7

Programs and policies that help companies support diverse workforces and markets

Question 8

job description

Answer 8

A statement of the tasks involved in a given job and the conditions under which the holder of a job will work

Question 9

turnover rate

Answer 9

The percentage of the workforce that leaves every year

Question 10

employee retention

Answer 10

Efforts to keep current employees

Question 11

succession planning

Answer 11

Workforce planning efforts that identify possible replacements for specific employees, usually senior executives

Question 12

recruiting

Answer 12

The process of attracting appropriate applicants for an organization’s job

Question 13

termination

Answer 13

The process of getting rid of an employee through layoff or firing

Question 14

layoffs

Answer 14

Termination of employees for economic or business reasons

Question 14

employee performance management

Answer 14

A continuous and interactive process in which employees receive regular feedback on their performance and managers can adjust goals, provide coaching to improve behavior, and offer recognition for good performance

Question 15

new-employee orientation

Answer 15

Sessions or procedures for acclimating new employees to the organization.

Question 16

onboarding

Answer 16

Programs to help new employees get comfortable and productive in their assigned roles

Question 17

compensation

Answer 17

Money and benefits paid to employees for their work.

Question 18

salary

Answer 18

fixed cash compensation for work, usually by a yearly amount; independent of the number of hours worked

Question 19

wages

Answer 19

Cash payment based on the number of hours an employee has worked or the number of units an employee has produced

Question 20

commissions

Answer 20

Employee compensation based on a percentage of sales made

Question 21

profit sharing

Answer 21

The distribution of a portion of the company’s profits to employees

Question 22

employee benefits

Answer 22

Compensation other than wages, salaries, and incentive programs

Question 23

retirement plans

Answer 23

Company-sponsored programs for providing retirees with income

Question 23

pension plans

Answer 23

Generally refers to traditional, defined-benefit retirement plans

Question 24

401(k) plan

Answer 24

A defined-contribution retirement plan in which employers often match the amount employees invest

Question 25

employee stock-ownership plan (ESOP)

Answer 25

A program that enables employees to become partial owners of a company

Question 26

stock options

Answer 26

A contract that allows the holder to purchase or sell a certain number of shares of a particular stock at a given price by a certain date

Question 27

employee assistance program (EAP)

Answer 27

A company-sponsored counseling or referral plan for employees with personal concerns.

Question 28

labor relations

Answer 28

The relationship between organized labor and management (in its role as the representative of company ownership)

Question 29

labor unions

Answer 29

Organizations that represent employees in negotiations with management

Question 30

organizing drive

Answer 30

A campaign in which a union seeks the legal authority to represent a specific group of workers known as a bargaining unit

Question 31

collective bargaining agreement (CBA)

Answer 31

Agreement outlining the terms that a union and a company have agreed to through the process of collective bargaining

Question 32

workforce analytics

Answer 32

The application of big data, analytics, and AI to workforce management

Question 33

Four challenges that HR department faces

Answer 33

Aligning the workforce with changing job requirements; safe and healthy workplaces; ensuring fair treatment; and creating a sustainable employee experience

Question 34

Role of HR

Answer 34

from tactical administrative and compliance function to a strategic function

Question 35

Six dimensions of workforce diversity

Answer 35

age; gender and sexual orientation; race and ethnicity; religion; physical emotional and cognitive traits; and education, economics and life experience

Question 36

three phases of managing the employment life cycle

Answer 36

hiring; retirement; and termination