Chapter 11

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

unique way in which individuals think, act, and feel

Question 2

character

Answer 2

judgments made about a persons morals or ethical behavior (not to be confused with personality and temperament)

Question 3

Sigmund Freud…mind divided into three parts?

Answer 3

preconscious, conscious, and unconscious

Question 4

unconscious mind

Answer 4

thoughts, feelings, memories, other information not easily brought into consciousness

Question 5

Freud…three parts of personality?

Answer 5

the ego (contact with the outside world), superego (material just beneath the surface of awareness), and id (difficult to retrieve material)

Question 6

what is id?

Answer 6

completely unconscious, pleasure seeking, at birth. ie: hunger, thirst, self-preservation, sex

Question 7

pleasure principle: who and what?

Answer 7

Freud, desire for immediate pleasure w/o regard for consequences. “if it feels good, do it”

Question 8

ego: who and what?

Answer 8

Freud, more rational and logical than id. works with reality principle (need to satisfy demands of the id in ways NOT resulting in consequences)

Question 9

superego

Answer 9

part of personality acts on moral center, works with conscience (part of personality that makes a person feel guilt or moral anxiety). NOT the same as conscious!!!

Question 10

psychological defense mechanisms

Answer 10

unconscious distortions of a persons perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety

Question 11

fixation

Answer 11

disorder in which person doesn’t fully resolve conflict in psychosexual stage resulting in personality traits associated with earlier stage

Question 11

psychosexual stages

Answer 11

five stages of personality development proposed by Freud tied to sexual development of a child

Question 12

oral stage

Answer 12

first stage, first 18 months, mouth is erogenous zone(area in the body stimulating pleasure) and weaning is primary conflict

Question 13

anal stage

Answer 13

second stage, around 18 to 36 months, anus is erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict

Question 14

phallic stage

Answer 14

3-6 years, child discovers sexual feelings

Question 15

Oedipus complex

Answer 15

psychodynamic theory, situation occurring in the phallic stage in which a boy develops a sexual attraction to his mother and jealously to his father

Question 16

Electra complex

Answer 16

phallic stage in which a girl develops a sexual attraction to her father and jealousy of her mother

Question 17

latency stage

Answer 17

6 years to puberty, forth stage, occurring during school years, in which the sexual feelings of a child are repressed while child develops in other ways

Question 18

genital stage

Answer 18

final stage, from puberty on, sexual urges are allowed back into consciousness and the individual moves toward adult social and sexual behavior

Question 19

neo-Freudians

Answer 19

followers of Freud who developed their own completing psychodynamic

Question 20

personal unconscious

Answer 20

Jung’s name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud

Question 21

collective unconscious

Answer 21

Jung’s names for the memories shared by all members of the human species

Question 22

archetypes

Answer 22

Jung’s collective, universal human memories

Question 23

feminist psychology

Answer 23

female perspective that accounts of both gender and social structures; attempts to offset traditional views in psychology stemmed from a male perspective and assuming the male experience is the norm

Question 24

basic anxiety

Answer 24

anxiety created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults

Question 25

neurotic personalities

Answer 25

personalities typified by maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships in Horney's theory

Question 26

According to Freud, the ___________________ mind was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.

Answer 26

unconscious

Question 27

Many of Malik’s friends like to dress up on Halloween as devils, vampires, and zombies. According to Carl Jung’s theory, what archetype is being expressed?

Answer 27

shadow

Question 28

Which neo-Freudian believed personality was mostly a product of dealing with anxieties during childhood?

Answer 28

Karen Horney

Question 29

social cognitive theories

Answer 29

emphasize the importance of other peoples behavior and of a persons beliefs, expectations, and cognitive processes on learning

Question 30

reciprocal determinism: who and what?

Answer 30

Bandura, how factors of environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior

Question 31

locus of control: who and what?

Answer 31

Rotter, tendency for people to assume they do or do not have control over events or consequences in their life

Question 32

Expectancy: who and what?

Answer 32

Rotter, persons subjective feeling that a particular behavior will lead to a reinforcing consequence.

Question 33

social cognitive view

Answer 33

learning theory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory, and imitation of models

Question 34

Big Five

Answer 34

extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness (OCEAN)