chapter 11 Flashcards
(21 cards)
how are muscles name?
location
shape
direction of fibers
number of heads (ceps)
size
origin and insertion
what are 2 musts of a muscle?
-crossing a joint
-2 points of attachment
*muscles only PULL, they never PUSH
origin
stationary attachment point, usually PROXIMAL
insertion
mobile attachment, usually DISTAL
agonist PRIME MOVER
muscle that produces the MOST force during a joint action
ex: biceps
antagonist
muscle that opposes agonist movement
ex: triceps
synergist
recruitment; muscle that aids or helps the agonist to perform the same motion
ex: pec major to anterior deltoid in shoulder flexion
fixator
muscle that prevents a bone from moving
ex: rhomboids preventing scapular movement when trapezius contracts
where are the flexor muscles located
ventral
where are the extender muscles located
dorsal
what is different about the knee muscles?
flexor in dorsal and extender in ventral
what is special about facial muscles
no bone insertion, skin instead.
cranial nerve 7 is facial nerve
cranial nerve 5 is trigeminal nerve
what happens when CN7 is damaged?
loss of function
flaccid paralysis=facial dropping
bell’s palsy
*no mental inability so different than stroke
what are the rotator cuff muscles? and function
SITS
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
function- circumduction, M/L rotation of shoulder, hold humerus in glenoid fossa
what are the ab muscles
aponeurosis– linea alba
int and ext obliques
transverse abdominis
what are the hip muscles and function
flexor: iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas) PRIME MOVER
extender: gluteus maximus PRIME MOVER
synergists: sartorius (span 2= ASIS- anterior superior iliac spine to medial tibia), rectus femorus (span 2= AIIS- anterior inferior iliac spine and tibial tuberosity)
what are the quadriceps femoris muscles and what is the function
knee extension, hip flexion!
rectus femorus, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
what does adduction and abduction mean
adduction- towards midline
abduction- away from midline
what are hamstring muscles and function
knee flexion, hip extension!
semitendinosus, biceps femoris, semimembranosus
what are the lower leg muscles and their functions
gastrocnemius- knee flex, plantar flex at ankle. femur to calcaneus (achilles tendon)
soleus- plantar flexes ankle
tibialis anterior- dorsiflexes ankle
what muscle do gastroc and soleus make?
triceps surae muscle
