chapter 9

Question 1

synarthrosis

Answer 1

no movement

Question 2

amphiathrosis

Answer 2

slight movement

Question 3

diathrosis

Answer 3

freely moveable

Question 4

“antrho, syn, amphi, chondro, dia” mean…

Answer 4

joint, together, slight, cartilagenous, through

Question 5

classification of joint (structural and functional)

Answer 5

structural- based on type of tissue between bones (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial)

functional- based on amount of movement (synarthrosis, amphiathrosis, diathrosis)

Question 6

fibrous classification

Answer 6

made of collagen fibers…sutures, gomphosis, syndesmosis

Question 7

cartilagenous classification

Answer 7

symphysis, costochondral joints and intervertebral discs (fibrocartilage), epiphyseal plate, 1st rib and sternum (hyaline)

Question 8

synovial classification

Answer 8

always diathrotic

Question 9

types of tissue for all structural classification

Answer 9

fibrous, cartilagenous, and synovial

Question 10

specific synovial joint tissue types (diarthrotic )

Answer 10

fibrous capsule- dense irregular CT, continuous with periosteum

synovial membrane- areolar CT covered by few scattered cells

synovial fluid- secreted by synovial membrane, slippery, reduces friction between bones forming the joint, composed of proteoglycans

Question 11

what is bursa

Answer 11

membrane bound pocket filled with synovial fluid

Question 12

where is bursa

Answer 12

found where tendons and ligaments rub against bone or other tissue

Question 13

function of bursa

Answer 13

reduce friction, shock absorption

Question 14

what is tendon sheath

Answer 14

a bursa extending along tendon for some distance

Question 15

function of tendon sheath

Answer 15

permits the tendon to stretch and not adhere to the surrounding fascia

Question 16

what is movement at a joint affected by?

Answer 16

soft tissue, shapes of condyles, and ligaments

Question 17

types of joint movements

Answer 17

angular movement, rotation, supination, pronation, inversion, eversion, opposition and circumduction, flexion and extension, and plantar/dorsiflexion

Question 18

angular movement of extremeties

Answer 18

flexion and extension

Question 19

angular movement

Answer 19

hyperextension/flexion of torso, hyperextension/flexion of neck, flexion/extension/hyperextension of wrist/hand

Question 20

rotation

Answer 20

neck, arm (medial and lateral)

Question 21

supination

Answer 21

radius and ulna are parallel

Question 22

pronation

Answer 22

radius rotates over ulna

Question 23

inversion and eversion

Answer 23

foot

Question 24

opposition

Answer 24

thumb and fingers

Question 25

types of synovial joints

Answer 25

gliding, hinge, ball and socket, pivot, ellipsoid, and saddle

Question 26

gliding joints

Answer 26

slight non-axial or multi-axial movement, flat surfaces slide across one another very little movement ex: intercarpal, intertarsal, sacroiliac, acromioclavicular

Question 27

pivot joint

Answer 27

mono-axial movement and rotation ex: C1/C2, proximal radio/ulnar

Question 28

hinge joints

Answer 28

mono-axial movement, permits angular motion in a single plane, allows flexion/extension ex: shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, finger joints, toe joints, and ankles

Question 29

ball and socket

Answer 29

triaxial movement, allows for flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, rotation, circumduction ex: shoulder and hip

Question 30

ellipsoid joint

Answer 30

biaxial movement, allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction ex: radiocarpal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint, metatarsal phalangeal joint

Question 31

saddle joint

Answer 31

biaxial movement, allows for flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction and opposition ex: pollex joint (carpometacarpal joint)

Question 32

knee joint is made of...

Answer 32

L&M collateral ligaments, ACL, PCL, L&M meniscus

Question 33

L&M collateral ligaments

Answer 33

reinforce the lateral and medial surfaces of joint

Question 34

ACL & PCL

Answer 34

limit anterior and posterior movements

Question 35

Later and medial meniscus

Answer 35

act as cushions

Question 36

shoulder joint

Answer 36

ball and socket unstable and shallow

Question 37

rotator cuff muscles

Answer 37

SITS muscles supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularius

Question 38

where does dislocation of hip joint occur

Answer 38

posteriorly

Question 39

sprain

Answer 39

LIGAMENTS at joints stretch and some of the collagen fibers are torn

Question 40

strain

Answer 40

TENDONS stretch and some of the collagen fibers are torn

Question 41

dislocation

Answer 41

the articulating surfaces are forced out of place