Chapter 11 Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
contribute by depleting O2
A
Aerobes
2
Q
oxidize reduced inorganic chemicals to
obtain energy.
A
Chemolithotrophs
3
Q
use alternative electron acceptor
A
Anaerobes
4
Q
are group of methane-producing archaea
A
Methanogens
5
Q
how do Methanogens generate ATP
A
Oxidize H2 gas
6
Q
what do Methanogens use as a terminal electron acceptor
A
CO2
7
Q
places where Methanogens are found
A
Sewage, swamps, marine sediments, rice paddies, digestive tracts
8
Q
anaerobic respiration
A
Anaerobic Chemoorganotrophs
9
Q
oxidize organic compounds to obtain energy
A
Chemoorganotrophs
10
Q
what does Anaerobic Chemoorganotrophs produce
A
Produce hydrogen sulfide (rotten-egg smell)
11
Q
is corrosive to metals
A
H2S
12
Q
Important in sulfur cycle
A
Anaerobic Chemoorganotrophs
13
Q
common fermenters
A
Clostridium and Clostridioides
14
Q
Gram-positive rods that can form endospores
A
clostridia
15
Q
Common soil inhabitants that live in the anaerobic microenvironments created by aerobes consuming O2
A
clostridia
16
Q
clostridia endospores tolerate what?
A
O2, heat, drying, chemicals, and irradiation
17
Q
causes an antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease
A
Clostridioides difficile
18
Q
Some are normal inhabitants of the intestinal tract of humans and
other animals
A
Clostridium and Clostridioides
19
Q
produce lactic acid
A
Lactic Acid Bacteria
20
Q
What kind of environment does Lactic Acid Bacteria
A
aerobic environments
21
Q
species used to make cheese
A
Lactococcus
22
Q
inhabit human, animal intestinal tract
A
Enterococcus
23
Q
rod-shaped, common in mouth, vagina
A
Lactobacillus
24
Q
Produce propionic acid via fermentation
A
Propionibacterium
25
Can also ferment lactic acid
Propionibacterium
26
what kind
of aerobe is Propionibacterium
Obligate anaerobe
27
Gram-positive pleomorphic rods
Propionibacterium
28
Use hydrogen sulfide or organic compounds (not water) to
make NADPH - no O2
anoxygenic phototrophs
29
Gram-negative; appear red, orange, or purple
Purple Bacteria
30
Photosynthetic apparatus in cytoplasmic membrane
Purple Bacteria
31
Purple Sulfur Bacteria use what as a source of electrons reducing power
H2S
32
where are Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria found
Moist soils, bogs, paddy fields
33
Preferentially use organic molecules instead of H2S as source of electrons
Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria
34
what do Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria lack
Lack gas vesicles
35
Can grow aerobically in absence of light using chemotrophic metabolism
Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria
36
Gram-negative; typically green or brownish
Green Bacteria
37
Green Sulfur Bacteria use what as a source of electrons reducing power
H2S
38
what kind of aerobe is Green Sulfur Bacteria
Strict anaerobes
39
Form multicellular arrangements
Filamentous Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria
40
Filamentous Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria use what as source of electrons for reducing power
organic compounds
41
Can grow in dark aerobically using
chemotrophic metabolism
42
Gram-positive endospore-forming rods
Heliobacterium
43
Earliest oxygenic phototrophs
Cyanobacteria (aka blue-green algae)
44
Cyanobacteria (aka blue-green algae) use what as source of electrons for reducing power
water
45
Cyanobacteria (aka blue-green algae) plays an essential role
primary producers
46
Unicellular: cocci, rods, spirals
Cyanobacteria
47
row of cells
trichomes
48
Large numbers can accumulate in freshwater habitat
bloom
49
absorb additional wavelengths
phycobiliproteins
50
convert N2 to ammonia
Nitrogen fixation
51
cyanobacteria critical ecologically
Nitrogen-fixing
52
Anabaena have specialized
heterocysts
53
gain energy by oxidizing
reduced inorganic chemicals
Aerobic chemolithotrophs
54
is Sulfurs-oxidizing bacteria Gram-negative or positive
Gram-negative
55
Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria gets energy from?
oxidation of sulfur, sulfur compounds including H2S, thiosulfate (generate sulfuric acid)
56
where are Filamentous Sulfur Oxidizers found
sulfur springs, sewage-polluted
waters, surface of marine
and freshwater sediments
57
Some filaments move by
gliding motility other are filaments immobile
58
Oxidize metal sulfides, can be used for
bioleaching
59
Can produce damaging acid runoff as low as pH 1.0
Unicellular Sulfur Oxidizers
60
are nitrifers Gram-negative or positive
Gram-negative
61
Oxidize inorganic nitrogen compounds for energy
Nitrifiers
62
Can deplete water of O2 if wastes high in ammonium
Nitrifiers
63
Two groups of Nitrifiers
1. Ammonium oxidizers
2. Nitrite oxidizers
64
A few are obligate chemolithotrophs
Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacteria
65
where do Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacteria live
hot springs they are Thermophillic
66
oxidize organic compounds for energy
Aerobic chemoorganotrophs
67
Found in soil, dust, skin
Obligate Aerobes
68
examples of Obligate Aerobes
M. luteus
69
genus Mycobacterium are acid-fast
bacteria and what kind of aerobe
Obligate Aerobes
70
in cell wall prevents Gram-staining
Mycolic acid
71
living on dead and decaying matter
saprophytes
72
resistant to disinfectants, often resistant to antimicrobial drugs
Mycobacterium
73
oxidase positive
Pseudomonas
74
Most are strict aerobes; no fermentation
Pseudomonas
75
where are Pseudomonas found
soil and water
76
Most harmless
Pseudomonas
77
Have unusual cell walls
Thermus and Deinococcus
78
how does Thermus stain
Gram-negative
79
how does Deinococcus stain
Gram-positive
80
are Thermus thermophilic
yes
81
are extraordinarily radiation resistant
Deinococcus
82
how does Corynebacterium stain
Gram-positive
83
is Corynebacterium harmfull or harmless
harmless
84
how do Enterobacteriaceae:
enterics or enterobacteria stain
Gram-negative
85
Facultative anaerobes that ferment glucose
Family Enterobacteriaceae:
enterics or enterobacteria
86
Lactose fermenters
coliforms
87
where are Family Enterobacteriaceae:
enterics or enterobacteria found
In intestinal tract of humans, other animals; some in soil
88
Normal intestinal enterobacteria microbiota
Enterobacter, Klebsiella,
Proteus, most E. coli strains
89
Diarrheal disease enterobacteria microbiota
Shigella, Salmonella enterica, and some E.
coli strains
90
Life-threatening enterobacteria
typhoid fever (Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi)
and
bubonic and pneumonic plague (Yersinia pestis)
91
where are Vibrio found
In marine water:
92
what is Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
Aerobic chemolithotrophs
93
what are Nitrifiers
Aerobic chemolithotrophs
94
what are Micrococcus
Obligate Aerobes
95
what do micrococcus stain
Gram-positive
96
what are Mycobacterium
Obligate Aerobes
97
what are Pseudomonas
Obligate Aerobes
98
what is Thermus
Obligate Aerobes
99
what is Deinococcus
Obligate Aerobes
100
what are Corynebacterium
Facultative Anaerobes
101
organism is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent
Facultative Anaerobes
102
is an organism that requires oxygen to grow.
Obligate Aerobes
103
organisms, primarily bacteria, that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds (like hydrogen, sulfur, or iron) using oxygen as the final electron acceptor
Aerobic chemolithotrophs
104
what are Enterobacteriaceae:
enterics or enterobacteria
Facultative Anaerobes
105
what are vibrio
Facultative Anaerobes
106
generate methane when they oxidize hydrogen gas as a energy source using CO2 as a terminal electron acceptor
methanogens
107
example of archaea extreme halophiles
halobacterium
holorubrum
natronobacterium
natronococcus
108
example of archaea thermophilies
methanothermus
methanopyrus
pyrodictium
pyrolobus
sulfolobus
thermophilus
picrophilus
nanoarchaeum
109
what are found in salt lakes, soda lakes, brines
Extreme Halophiles
110
Extreme Halophiles produce what pigment
pink blooms in salt water ponds
111
Some obtain additional energy from light via bacteriorhodopsin,
which pumps protons from cell
Chemoheterotrophs
112
Found near volcanic vents and fissures that release sulfurous gases,
other hot vapors
Extreme Thermophiles
113
main groups of Extreme Thermophiles
Methane-Generating Hyperthermophiles
Sulfur-Reducing Hyperthermophiles
Nanoarchaea
Sulfur Oxidizers
114
what are Sulfur-Reducing Hyperthermophiles
Obligate anaerobes
115
Current record holder can grow at 122 degrees Celsius
Methane-Generating Hyperthermophiles
116
Oxidize organic compounds, H2; Sulfur as terminal electron
acceptor; generate H2S
Sulfur-Reducing Hyperthermophiles
117
One of the smallest prokaryotes on Earth
Nanoarchaea
118
Sulfolobus species at surface of acidic sulfur-containing hot springs
Sulfur Oxidizers
119
what are Sulfur Oxidizers
Obligate aerobes
120
