Chapter 11 Flashcards
(22 cards)
The scientific study of heredity
Genetics
The process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
Fertilization
A specific characteristic of an individual
Trait
A factor that is passed from parent to offspring
Gene
States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
Principle of dominance
The separation of alleles
Segregation
Sex cells
Gametes
The likelihood that a particular event will occur
Probability
Having two identical alleles for a particular game
Homozygous
Having two different alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous
The physical characteristics of an organism
Phenotype
The genetic makeup of an organism
Genotype
One of Mendel’s principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
Independent assortment
A situation in which the phenotype a produced by both alleles are completely expressed
Codominance
A situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
Incomplete dominance
A gene that has more than two alleles
Multiple alleles
A trait controlled by two or more genes
Polygenic traits
The terms used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent
Homologous
The term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes
Diploid
The term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes
Haploid
The process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
Crossing-over
A fertilized egg
Zygote
