Chapter 7 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Basic unit of all forms of life
Cell
Fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells.
Cell theory
Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Cell membrane
The center of an atom, which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA.
Nucleus
Organism whose cells contain a nucleus
Eukaryotes
Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
Prokaryote
In eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus; in prokaryotic cells, all of the cells’ contents.
Cytoplasm
Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell
Organelle
Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Vacuole
Cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can used by the rest of the cell
Lysosome
Network of roots in filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement
Cytoskeleton
Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division.
Centriole
Cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis
Ribosome
Internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled
Endoplasmic reticulum
Organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
Golgi apparatus
Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
Chloroplast
Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient fur the cell to use
Mitochondria
Strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells
Cell wall
Flexible double-layered sheet that makes u the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Lipid bilayer
Property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane
Selectively permeable
Process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
Diffusion
Process of diffusion in which molecules pass across the membrane through the cell membrane channels
Facilitated diffusion
Water channel protein in a cell
Aquaporin
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Osmosis
