Chapter 11 Flashcards
(26 cards)
the production of crops without the use of synthetically and industrially produced pesticides and fertilizers
Organic agriculture
the deliberate tending of crops and livestock to produce food feed and fiber
Agriculture
involve those products closest to the ground, such as agriculture, ranching, hunting and gathering, fishing, forstery, mining, and quarrying.
Primary economic activities
activities that take a primary product and manufacture it- change it into something else such as toys, ships, processed foods, chemicals, and buildings
Secondary economic activities
part of the service industry, connecting producers to customers and facilitating commerce and trade. (bankers, lawyers, doctors, nurses, salespeople, clerks, and secretaries
Tertiary economic activities
dividing economic activities into those concerned with information or the exchange of money or goods and those tied to research or higher education
quaternary and quinary economic activities
plants that are reproduced by cultivating seeds
Seed Crops
growing only enough food to survive
subsistence agriculture
occurs in tropical and subtropical lands where traditional farmers had to abandon plots of lands after the soil became infertile
Shifting Cultivation
A type of shifting cultivation
slash and burn
systems circle around a pivot
Center-pivot irrigation systems
the method of land survey through which landownership and property lines are defined
cadastral system-
also called the public land survey this system was used by the US land office Survey to parcel out land west of the Appalachian Mountains. Divides land into rectangular parcels
rectangular survey system
designed to facilitate the movement of Indians evenly across farmlands of the USA interior and imposed a rigid grid pattern on the land
township and range system
Canadian system that was adopted along the eastern seaboard in which natural features were used to demarcate irregular parcels of land
Metes and bounds survey
implemented in parts of Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas where land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals
Longlot survey system
all land passes to the eldest son (German system)
Primogeniture
dependence on a single agricultural commodity (an impact of colonial agriculture
Monoculture
classifies the worlds climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation
Köppen Climate Classification System
areas with similar climatic characteristics
Climatic regions-
when cash crops are grown on large estates
Plantation agriculture
tea, cacao, coffee, tobacco
Luxury Crops
o the raising of domesticated animals for the production of meat and by products
Livestock Ranching
specialized farming that occurs where the dry summer Mediterranean climate prevails: along the shores of the Mediterranean sea, California, Oregon, Central Chile, South Africa, Southwester and southern Australia. Grapes, olives, citrus fruits, figs, veggies, dates.
Mediterranean Agriculture
