Chapter 2

Question 1

Who is Thomas Malthus?

Answer 1

• theory on population growth vs ability to grow food
• linear food growth vs exponential population growth
• did not account for changes in food production- industrial revolution
• 1789

Question 2

What is Arithmetic density?

Answer 2

the number of people per square miles within a nation

Question 3

What is physiological density?

Answer 3

the number of people per the amount of arable land

Question 4

what is a concentration?

Answer 4

climate/water

Question 5

What does dense mean?

Answer 5

trade/ability to grow food (megalopolis

Question 6

What does sparse mean?

Answer 6

bad weather, difficult to grow food , lack of natural resources

Question 7

Describe the world population distribution/ density?

Answer 7

East Asia: 1/4 of the world population there
South Asia: bound by the himalayas and a desert in pakistan
Europe:population is concentrated in cities
North America: megalopolis

Question 8

Describe recent world population growth.

Answer 8

• doubling time has decreased over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
• slowly began to increase again after reaching 6 billion

Question 9

What is crude birth rate?

Answer 9

of births per 1000 people in the population

Question 10

What does high crude birth rate indicate?

Answer 10

-low life expectancy, high child/ infant mortality rates, attempting to replace the population

Question 11

What is crude death rate?

Answer 11

of deaths per 1000 people in the population

Question 12

What does the crude death rate rely on?

Answer 12

availability to medicine and sanitiation

Question 13

What is the Natural rate of increase?

Answer 13

Births-Deaths

Question 14

What can the the natural rate of increase rely on?

Answer 14

Immigration

Question 15

What is the replacement rate?

Answer 15

of children that need to be born per woman in oder to replace the population

Question 16

What is the exact replacement rate?

Answer 16

2.1

Question 17

How do developed countries compare to the replacement rate?

Answer 17

many are below. Italy .8

Question 18

What are population pyramids?

Answer 18

Charts that show percentage of each age group in the total population, divided by gender

Question 19

How can health affect population?

Answer 19

Infant Mortality
Child Mortality
Life Expectancy
Chronic Diseases
Infectious diseases

Question 20

How do governments affect population change?

Answer 20

Expansive, Eugenic, and restrictive policies

Question 21

What is an expansive policy?

Answer 21

Tax credits/incentives

Question 22

What is a eugenic policy?

Answer 22

cleansing based on ethnicity/superiority

Question 23

What is a restrictive policy?

Answer 23

one child policy

Question 24

What is the dependency ratio?

Answer 24

dependents on society

0-14 15-64 64+

Question 25

What is the dependency ratio of a developing country?

Answer 25

1:1 | Larger percentage of young dependents

Question 26

What is the dependency ratio of a developed country?

Answer 26

- need adequate income and medical care after retirement | - have established means of providing things

Question 27

What is Esther Boserupts theory of population growth?

Answer 27

- emphasized positive aspects of a large population - the more people there are the more hands there are to work - puts pressure on existing agricultural structures

Question 28

What is a megalopolis?

Answer 28

Huge urban agglomerations

Question 29

What is child mortality rate?

Answer 29

Child mortality rate is the deaths of children 1-5 from Kwashiorkor and Marasmus in Asia and Africa

Question 30

What is infant mortality rate?

Answer 30

Count of infants that dies within their first year of life per 1000 live births

Question 31

What are some chronic diseases?

Answer 31

Cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung ailments

Question 32

What are the four stages of the demographic transition?

Answer 32

Low growth, high growth, moderate growth, low growth Pre industrial revolution, early 1700s, first alf of 1900s, modern