Chapter 11

Question 1

database

Answer 1

collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data

Question 2

data

Answer 2

collection of unprocessed items (text, numbers, images, audio, video)

Question 3

information

Answer 3

processed data

Question 4

Database Management System (DBMS)

Answer 4

allows users to create a computerized database, add/modify/delete data, sort and retrieve data, and create forms/reports from the data

Question 5

Data is organized in levels

Answer 5

hierarchy- each higher level of data consists of one or more items from the lower level (characters, field records, and files)

Question 6

character

Answer 6

one byte

Question 7

field

Answer 7

a combo of one or more related characters (given field size and data type)

Question 8

data type

Answer 8

specifies the kind of data a field can contain and how the field is used

Question 9

record

Answer 9

a group of related fields

Question 10

data file

Answer 10

a collection of related records that’s stored on a storage medium

Question 11

primary key

Answer 11

a field that uniquely identifies each record

Question 12

composite key

Answer 12

when the primary key is made up of multiple fields

Question 13

file maintenance

Answer 13

the procedures that keep data current- adding, modifying, and deleting records

Question 14

validation

Answer 14

compares data with a set of rules or values to find out if the data meets certain criteria

Question 15

file processing system

Answer 15

each department has its own set of files, redundant data, and isolated data.

Question 16

database approach

Answer 16

programs and users share data
reduced data redundancy
improved data integrity
shared data
easier access
reduced development time

Question 17

back end

Answer 17

the DBMS

Question 18

front end

Answer 18

a program that generally has a more user-friendly interface than the DBMS (webpage)

Question 19

collaborative databases

Answer 19

where users store and share photos, videos, recordings, and other personal media

Question 20

database server

Answer 20

stores and provides access to a database

Question 21

data model

Answer 21

defines how users view the organization of thedata

Question 22

3 types of data models are:

Answer 22

relational, object-oriented, and multidimensional

Question 23

relational database

Answer 23

stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns

Question 24

object-oriented database

Answer 24

stores data in objects

Question 25

multidimensional database

Answer 25

stores data in dimensions

Question 26

data dictionary aka repository

Answer 26

contains data about each file in the database and each field in those files

Question 27

DBMS tools

Answer 27

query language, query by example, form, and report writer

Question 28

query

Answer 28

a request for specific data from the database

Question 29

query language

Answer 29

consists of simple, English-like statements that allows users to specify the data to display, print, store, update, or delete

Question 30

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Answer 30

a popular query language that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data

Question 31

form

Answer 31

a window on the screen that provides areas for entering or modifying data in the database

Question 32

report writer

Answer 32

allows users to design a report on the screen, retrieve data into the report design, and then display or print the report

Question 33

access privileges

Answer 33

define the actions that a specific user or group of users can perform on the data

Question 34

principle of least privilege policy

Answer 34

where users’ access privileges are limited to the lowest level necessary to perform required tasks to prevent accidental or intentional misuse of the data

Question 35

backup

Answer 35

a copy

Question 36

log

Answer 36

a listing of activities that modify the contents of the database

Question 37

recovery utility

Answer 37

uses logs and/or backups and either rollforward or rollback techniques to restore a database when it becomes damaged or destroyed

Question 38

forward recovery (rollforward)

Answer 38

uses log to reenter changes made to the db since the last save or backup

Question 39

backward recovery (rollback)

Answer 39

uses the log to undo any changes made to the db during a certain period- restores the db to its condition prior to the failure

Question 40

continuous backup

Answer 40

a backup plan in which changes are backed up as they are made