Chapter 11 Flashcards
The disruption of a tissue or organ caused by
microbes or their products.
Infectious Disease
Microorganisms that live in or on the human
body and do not cause any harm
Normal Biota
The generally antagonistic effect “good” microbes
have against intruder microorganisms
Microbial Antagonism
A microbe whose relationship with its host is
parasitic and results in infection and disease.
Pathogen
Pathogens capable of causing disease in healthy
persons with normal immune defenses.
True pathogens
__________________ cause disease when
the host defenses are compromised or when they
becomes established in a part of the body is not
natural to the microganism
Opportunistic Pathogens
The severity of the disease caused by the microbe.
Virulence
A type of virulence factor used to avoid phagocyte cells
Antiphagocytic factors
Toxins produced by bacteria that are deadly to
WBCs
Leukocidins
White blood cells that engulf and destroy
pathogens by means of antimicrobial chemicals
and enzymes
Phagocytes
A bacterial enzyme that accelerates the coagulation
(blood clotting) of blood
Coagulase
Bacterial enzyme that dissolves blood clots.
Kinase
Enzymes produced by gram positive bacteria. Are
soluble substances secreted into host tissue
Exotoxins
Are part of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide and are
released into host tissues from gram negative
bacteria often when bacteria die or divide.
Endotoxins
Exotoxins known to lyse red blood cells
Hemolysins
Exotoxins that act on tissues of the nervous system
to prevent muscle contraction or muscle relaxation
Neurotoxins
Exotoxins that act on tissues of the gut.
Enterotoxins
objective evidence of disease as noted by an observer
sign
subjective evidence of disease as sensed by the patient
symptom
A combination of signs and symptoms that occur
together and are indicative of a particular disease.
syndrome
The time between infection and the appearance of
signs and symptoms.
The Incubation Period
A short period during which nonspecific, often
mild, symptoms sometimes occur.
The Prodromal Phase
Period during which the individual experiences the
typical signs and symptoms of the disease.
The Invasive Phase
The period of illness during which host defenses
and the effects of treatment finally overcome the
pathogen.
The Decline Phase
