Chapter 3

Question 1

Main differences between Prokaryotic vs.

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

The way its DNA is packaged, the makeup of its

cell wall, and its internal structures

Question 2

Variation in the size and shape of cells of a single

species due to nutritional and genetic differences

Answer 2

Pleomorphism

Question 3

Function of flagella

Answer 3

Motility

Question 4

Single flagellum arrangement

Answer 4

Monotrichous

Question 5

Small bunches or tufts of flagella emerging from

the same site

Answer 5

Lophotrichous

Question 6

Flagella at both poles of the cell

Answer 6

Amphitrichous

Question 7

Peritrichous arrangement

Answer 7

Flagella are dispersed randomly over the entire surface of the cell.

Question 8

Movement of bacteria in response to chemical

signals.

Answer 8

Chemotaxis

Question 9

Small, bristle-like fibers sprouting off the surface

of many bacterial cells, used for attachment

Answer 9

Fimbriae

Question 10

Joins two bacterial cells and provides a way to

exchange genetic information

Answer 10

Pili

Question 11

Used for protection against phagocytes

Answer 11

Capsules

Question 12

Loose outer layer, protects against loss of water and

nutrients

Answer 12

Slime Layer

Question 13

A bacterial cell wall is made up of _____

Answer 13

Peptidoglycan

Question 14

These bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer cell membrane

Answer 14

Gram Negative

Question 15

These bacteria lack an outer cell membrane but have a thick layer of peptidoglycan within the cell wall

Answer 15

Gram Positive

Question 16

In the gram stain _____dissolves lipids in the outer
cell membrane and removes the dye from the
peptidoglycan layer

Answer 16

Alcohol

Question 17

In the gram stain this is the primary stain

Answer 17

Crystal Violet

Question 18

In the gram stain _____ acts as a mordant

Answer 18

Iodine

Question 19

In the gram stain_____ is the counterstain.

Answer 19

Safranin

Question 20

Selectively permeable lipid bilayer with proteins

embedded

Answer 20

Cell/Cytoplasmic Membrane

Question 21

Nonessential pieces of DNA that confer protective
traits such as drug resistance, toxin, and
enzyme production

Answer 21

Plasmid

Question 22

Site of protein synthesis

Answer 22

Ribosomes

Question 23

Size of prokaryotic ribosomes

Answer 23

70S (50S large subunit and 30S small subunit)

Question 24

Size of eukaryotic ribosomes

Answer 24

80S (60S large subunit and 40S small subunit)

Question 25

Used for food storage and can also pack gas into | vesicles for buoyancy

Answer 25

Inclusion Bodies

Question 26

Used for protection to allow the bacterium to | survive in inhospitable environments.

Answer 26

Endospores

Question 27

Rotation of flagellum counterclockwise resulting in a smooth linear direction.

Answer 27

Run