Chapter 8

Question 1

Branch of biology dealing with the study of

inheritance

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

A cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged

DNA molecule.

Answer 2

Chromosome

Question 3

Macromolecule containing many genes.

Answer 3

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 4

Portion of the DNA molecule that codes for a

specific protein.

Answer 4

Gene

Question 5

Manufactured by ribosomes, consist of long
chains of amino acids, each with a particular
“code” or “sequence”

Answer 5

Protein

Question 6

A DNA nucleotide Consists of:

Answer 6

1. One or more phosphate groups
2. A five carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
3. One of four different nitrogenous bases (A,T, G and C)

Question 7

Nitrogenous base molecules that contain double

ring structures.

Answer 7

Purines

Question 8

Nitrogenous base molecules that contain a single

ring structure.

Answer 8

Pyrimidines

Question 9

The two nucleotide chains of DNA are held

together by __________between the bases.

Answer 9

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 10

A RNA nucleotide Consists of:

Answer 10

1. phosphate groups
2. Ribose sugar
3. 1 of the four nitrogenous bases: (A,U, C, G)

Question 11

The process of duplicating DNA.

Answer 11

Replication

Question 12

Responsible for unwinding the double stranded

DNA molecule

Answer 12

Helicase

Question 13

Bind to each single strand of DNA to keep them apart.

Answer 13

Single strand DNA binding proteins

Question 14

Initiation of DNA synthesis requires “Jump

Starting” with a length of RNA manufactured by

Answer 14

RNA primase

Question 15

Adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand in a 5’

to 3’ direction

Answer 15

DNA Polymerase III

Question 16

The RNA primer sequence is later removed through
enzymatic action of _______ and replaced with
DNA

Answer 16

DNA Polymerase I

Question 17

DNA strand synthesized continuously is known as

Answer 17

The leading strand

Question 18

DNA strand synthesized discontinuously is known as

Answer 18

The lagging strand

Question 19

Short DNA segments on the lagging strand are

called

Answer 19

Okazaki Fragments

Question 20

The master code of DNA is first used to synthesize

an RNA molecule during______

Answer 20

Transcription

Question 21

During transcription mRNA is formed in the 5’ to 3’ direction using the enzyme _______

Answer 21

RNA Polymerase

Question 22

In prokaryotes, transcription and translation both

take place in the _______

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

Synthesized from DNA to direct the synthesis of
polypeptide chains (proteins)

Answer 23

mRNA

Question 24

Forms ribosomal subunits that together make up

the ribosome

Answer 24

rRNA

Question 25

Once an mRNA molecule has been transcribed and has combined with a ribosome, the ribosome initiates protein synthesis and provides site for protein assembly.This process of turning mRNA into protein is known as ______?

Answer 25

Translation

Question 26

In translation each triplet (sequence of three bases) | in mRNA is known as a

Answer 26

Codon

Question 27

Each codon accounts for 1 _____

Answer 27

Amino Acid

Question 28

Functions to transfer amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes for placement in a protein molecule.

Answer 28

tRNA

Question 29

Each tRNA has a three-base ______that is | complementary to a particular mRNA codon.

Answer 29

Anticodon

Question 30

Any change to the nucleotide sequence in the | genome is called a ______.

Answer 30

Mutation

Question 31

A random change in the DNA arising from errors | in replication the occur randomly.

Answer 31

Spontaneous mutation

Question 32

Result from exposure to known mutagens, which are primarily physical or chemical agents the interact with DNA in a disruptive manner (radiation).

Answer 32

Induced mutations

Question 33

A base substitution, in which one base is substituted for another at a specific location in a gene.

Answer 33

Point mutations

Question 34

A mutation in which there is a deletion or an | insertion of one or more bases.

Answer 34

Frameshift mutations

Question 35

The purposeful manipulation of genetic material to alter the characteristics of an organism in a desired way

Answer 35

Genetic Engineering

Question 36

The process of removing genetic material from one organism and combining it with that of a different organism.

Answer 36

Recombinant DNA technology

Question 37

An enzyme that cuts the DNA at specific nucleotide | sequences

Answer 37

Restriction endonuclease enzyme

Question 38

Acts like glue to put ends of nucleotide segments back | together.

Answer 38

Ligase

Question 39

Test done to increase the amount of DNA in a | sample.

Answer 39

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)