Chapter 11 Flashcards
Energy systems, fatigue, and recovery (39 cards)
what is the definition of energy
the capacity or ability to work
what is the definition of power
the rate of change of energy, or how quickly you can perform work.
what is power output in this context
rate at which the working muscles can produce energy.
what are the components of ATP
nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, and oxygen (4)
how is ATP broken down
broken when the phosphate bonds are broken and release energy, it is then resynthesized
what is ATP used as
an immediate energy source for muscle contractions.
does the body produce ATP at the same location ?
No, there are different “factories” that the body can produce ATP from, and each will have a preference in regards to what it likes to use (eg. fats, proteins.. etc)
Define: Metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Do anaerobic processes require oxygen to make ATP
no they do not require oxygen,
eg. weightlifting
Do aerobic processes require oxygen to make ATP
Yes, they do
eg. running a marathon
when exercising, which energy system is typically used
both energy systems are always on, it just depends which one is dominant, not black and white,
What is the phosphagen system
the immediate energy system,
when is the Phosphagen energy system most dominant?
in activities which require high power outputs such as sprinting, and weight lifting
what does the Phosphagen system use to make more ATP
used stored ATP and PC
how does the phosphagen system make more ATP
ATP is broken down into adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate (ADP + Pi) and this releases energy to power muscular work.
- 3 phosphates
- ATP is also being resynthsised by using the energy released when the CP chemical bonds are being broken
(a coupled reaction)
active recovery is important
Define: peak power
- power that uses stored ATP because the activities only take a few seconds
- do not rely on CP to refuel ATP
Define: Sustained power
- where high power output is maintained for several seconds
- eg. 60 m to 100 m sprints
- athlete will deplete CP storage as ADP and Pi are resynthesized into ATP
what is the chemical reaction for ATP
see graph in notes
-> ADP + Pi + energy
What is the chemical reaction for CP
see graph in notes
-> C + P = Energy
what is the Glycolytic system
uses stored CHO (glucose / glycogen as fuel ) pathways produces lactate
Define: glycolysis
the chemical breakdown of glycogen or glucose. breakes down the glycogen stored in muscles to make glucose to circulate through the blood
how long can ATP be produced rapidly using the glycotic system
30-90 seconds (sub max)
when is the glycolytic system typically in use
- when oxygen demand exceed oxygen
supplies, used as a “kick” at the end of a long race - severe exercise where oxygen demand is exceeding oxygen supply
define: oxidative system
- on all the time,
for the aerobic energy system , - uses carbohydrates, fats and proteins as fuel
