Chapter 11

Question 1

Romanesque

Answer 1

An architectural style that flourished in Europe between 1000 and 1150. It is characterized by solid, heavy forms and semicircular arches and vaults. Romanesque buildings were often decorated with fanciful sculpture and wall paintings

Question 2

Gothic Architecture

Answer 2

The style of architecture that started in the Ile-de-France in the 12th century and eventually became the quintessential cathedral style of the Middle Ages, characterized by its pointed arches, ribbed vaults and stained glass windows

Question 3

Common law

Answer 3

begun by Henry ii (r.1154-1189), the English royal law carried out by the kings justices in eyre (travelling justices). It applied to the entire kingdom and thus was “common” to all

Question 4

Magna Carta

Answer 4

Literally “Great Charter”; the charter of baronial liberties that king John was forced to agree to in 1215. It implied that Royal power was subject to custom and law

Question 5

Troubadours/trobairitz

Answer 5

Male (troubadours) and female (trobairitz) vernacular poets in southern France in the 12th century and early 13th centuries who sang of love, longing and courtesy

Question 6

Chansons de geste

Answer 6

(Shahn SOHN duh ZHEST) epic poems of the 12th century about knightly and heroic deeds

Question 7

Chivalry

Answer 7

An ideal of knightly comportment that included military prowess, bravery, fairplay, piety and curtsey

Question 8

Franciscans

Answer 8

The religious order founded by the St. Francis (c.1182-1226) and dedicated to poverty and preaching, particularly in towns and cities

Question 9

Third Crusade

Answer 9

The pope called the third crusade an “opportunity for repentance and doing good”. This crusade was indirectly a result of the fall of Seljuck Empire at the hands of Nur al-Din and his successor Saldin (1138-1193) unsuccessful bid to retake the holy city

Question 10

Fourth Crusade

Answer 10

The crusade that lasted from 1202-1204; its original goal was to recapture Jerusalem, but the crusades ended up conquering Constantinople instead

Question 11

Albigensian Crusade

Answer 11

(1209-1229) the first time offered warriors fighting an enemy within Christian Europe all the temporal and spiritual believers of a crusade to a holy land. By 1229 all resistance was broken and Lanquedoc was brought under the French crown

Question 12

Henry II

Answer 12

King of England (r.1154-1189) who ended the period of civil war there and affirmed and expanded royal powers. He is associated with the creation of common law in England

Question 13

Phillip II (Augustus)

Answer 13

King of France (r.1180-1223) who bested the English King John and won most of Johns continental territories, thus immeasurably strengthening the power of the capetian dynasty

Question 14

Fredrick I (Barbarossa)

Answer 14

King of Germany (r.1152-1190) and emperor (crowned 1155) who tried to cement the power of the German King through conquest (ex: of northern Italy) and the bonds of vassalage

Question 15

St Francis of Assisi

Answer 15

(1181/1182-1226) founded one of the most successful of the movements within the church