Chapter 12 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Fourth Lateran council
The council that met in 1215 and covered the important topics of christianity, among them the nature of the sacraments, the obligations of the laity, the policies toward heretics and Jews
Blood libel
The charge that Jews used the blood of christian children in their passover ritual; though false, it led to massacres of Jews in cities in England, France, Spain and Germany in 13th century
Scholasticism
The method of logical inquiry used by the scholastics, the scholars of the medieval universities; it applied Aristotelean logic to biblical and other authoritative texts in attempt to summarize and reconcile all knowledge
Statue in Favour of the Princess
A statue finalized by Fredrick II in 1232 that gave the German prices sovereign power within their own principalities
Cortes
(kawr TEHZ) The earliest European representative institution, called initially to consent to royal wishes; first convoked in 1188 by the king of Castile-Leon
Avignon Papacy (AH vee NYAN)
the period (1309-1378) during which the popes ruled from Avignon rather than from Rome
Popolo
Literally “people” a communal faction, largely made up of merchants, that demanded (and often obtained) power in the 13th century Italian cities
Mongols
The name of a people mobilized by Chingiz Kahn (c.1162-1227) into a formalized army that conquered China, Russia and the eastern half of the Islamic world
Golden Horde
The political institutions set up by the Mongols in Russia, lasting from the 13th to 15th centuries
Great Famine
The shortage of food and accompanying social ills that besieged northern Europe between 1315 and 1322
Innocent III
The pope (r.1198-1216) who called the fourth Lateran Council; he was the most powerful, respected, and prestigious of medieval popes
Fredrick II
The grandson of Barbarossa who became king of Sicily and Germany as well as emperor (r.1212-1250), who allowed the German princes a free hand as he battled the pope for control of Italy
Louis IX
A French king (r.1226-1270) revered as a military leader and a judge; he was declared a saint after his death
Thomas Aquinas
(1225-1274) was perhaps the most famous scholastic. 18 years old roughly he thwarted his family’s wishes that he would become a bishop and instead joined Dominican Order and soon became a university master
Dante Alighieri
(1265-1321) harmonized the mysteries of faith with the poetry of love. Born in Florence in a time of political turmoil and incorporated the major figures of history of his day into his famous poem called the Divine Commedia (divine comedy)
