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Chapters Flashcards Milady > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

hair shaft

A

Definition:

The portion of hair that projects above the epidermis.

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2
Q

hair root

A

Definition:

The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis.

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3
Q

trichology

A

Definition:

Scientific study of hair and its diseases and care.

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4
Q

hair bulb

A

Definition:

Lowest part of a hair strand; the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root.

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5
Q

hair follicle

A

Definition:

The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root.

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6
Q

dermal papilla

A

Definition:
Plural: dermal papillae. A small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb.

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7
Q

sebum

A

Definition:

A fatty or oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands that lubricates the skin.

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8
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Definition:

The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles.

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9
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

Definition:

The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle.

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10
Q

keratinization

A

Definition:
Process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die.

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11
Q

hair cuticle

A

Definition:
Outermost layer of hair; consisting of a single, overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like cells that look like shingles on a roof.

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12
Q

medulla

A

Definition:

Innermost layer of the hair that is composed of round cells; often absent in fine and naturally blond hair.

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13
Q

cortex

A

Definition:

Middle layer of the hair; a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment.

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14
Q

COHNS elements

A

Definition:

The five elements—carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur—that make up human hair, skin, tissue, and nails.

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15
Q

amino acids

A

Definition:
Units that are joined together end-to-end like pop beads by strong, chemical peptide bonds (end bonds) to form the polypeptide chains that comprise proteins.

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16
Q

keratin

A

Definition:

A fibrous protein that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle.

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17
Q

polypeptide chain

A

Definition:

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

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18
Q

peptide bond

A

Definition:

Also known as an end bond; chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other, end-to-end, to form a polypeptide chain.

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19
Q

Proteins

A

Definition:

Long, coiled complex polypeptides made of amino acids.

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20
Q

side bonds

A

Definition:
Bonds that cross-link the polypeptide chains together and are responsible for the extreme strength and elasticity of human hair.

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21
Q

hydrogen bond

A

Definition:

A weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat.

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22
Q

helix

A

Definition:

Spiral shape of a coiled protein created by polypeptide chains that intertwine with each other.

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23
Q

disulfide bond

A

Definition:
Strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine, which joins together two polypeptide strands like rungs on a ladder.

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24
Q

salt bond

A

`Definition:

A weak, physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains.

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25
cysteine
Definition: | An amino acid with a sulfur atom (S) that joins together two peptide strands.
26
Melanin
Definition: | The tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair.
27
cystine
Definition: An amino acid formed when 2 cysteine amino acids (with single sulfur) are joined by their sulfur groups or disulfide bond.
28
lanthionine bonds
Definition: The bonds created when disulfide bonds are broken by hydroxide chemical hair relaxers after the relaxer is rinsed from the hair.
29
wave pattern
Definition: | The shape of the hair strands; described as straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly.
30
Eumelanin
Definition: | Provides natural dark brown to black color to the hair and is the dark pigment predominant in black and brunette hair.
31
Pheomelanin
Definition: | The lighter pigment that provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones.
32
Vellus hair
Definition: Also known as lanugo hair; short, fine, unpigmented, and downy hair that appears on the body, with the exception of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
33
Terminal hair
Definition: | Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females.
34
anagen phase
Definition: | Also known as growth phase; phase during which new hair is produced.
35
catagen phase
Definition: The brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle. It signals the end of the growth phase.
36
telogen phase
Definition: | Also known as resting phase; the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed.
37
alopecia
Definition: | Abnormal hair loss.
38
Androgenic alopecia
Definition: Also known as androgenetic alopecia (an-druh-je-NET-ik al-oh-PEE-shah); hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair that is converted to vellus hair; in men, it is known as male pattern baldness.
39
Alopecia areata
Definition: Autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person’s own immune system; usually begins with one or more small, round, smooth bald patches on the scalp.
40
alopecia universalis
Definition: | Complete loss of body hair.
41
alopecia totalis
Definition: | Total loss of scalp hair.
42
Canities
Definition: | Technical term for gray hair; results from the loss of the hair’s natural melanin pigment.
43
Postpartum alopecia
Definition: | Temporary hair loss experienced towards the end and after the pregnancy.
44
Hypertrichosis
Definition: Also known as hirsuties (hur-SOO-shee-eez); condition of abnormal growth of hair, characterized by the growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair.
45
Ringed hair
Definition: Variety of canities characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand.
46
Trichoptilosis
Definition: | Technical term for split ends.
47
Trichorrhexis nodosa
Definition: Technical term for knotted hair; it is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft.
48
Monilethrix
Definition: | Technical term for beaded hair.
49
Fragilitas crinium
Definition: | Technical term for brittle hair.
50
Pityriasis
Definition: | Technical term for dandruff; characterized by excessive production and accumulation of skin cells.
51
Malassezia
Definition: Naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin, but is responsible for dandruff when it grows out of control.
52
Pityriasis capitis simplex
Definition: | Technical term for classic dandruff; characterized by scalp irritation, large flakes, and itchy scalp.
53
Pityriasis steatoides
Definition: Severe case of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum that stick to the scalp in crusts.
54
scutula
Definition: | Dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp in tinea favosa or tinea favus.
55
Tinea
Definition: Technical term for ringworm—a contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite; characterized by itching, scales, and, sometimes, painful lesions.
56
Tinea favosa
Definition: Also known as tinea favus; fungal infection characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp called scutula.
57
furuncle
Definition: | Boil; acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain.
58
carbuncle
Definition: | Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci; similar to a furuncle but larger.
59
Pediculosis capitis
Definition: | Infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice.
60
Hair density
Definition: | The number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 square centimeters) of scalp.
61
Hair texture
Thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand.
62
Hair porosity
Definition: | Ability of the hair to absorb moisture.
63
hydrophobic
Definition: | Naturally resistant to being penetrated by moisture.
64
Hair elasticity
Definition: | Ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking.
65
hydrophilic
Definition: | Easily absorbs moisture; in chemistry terms, capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving).
66
hair stream
Definition: | Hair flowing in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping in the same direction.
67
cowlick
Definition: | Tuft of hair that stands straight up.
68
whorl
Definition: | Hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head.

Chapters Flashcards Milady (7 decks)

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