Chapter 11: Asthma Exam 2

Question 1

Inhalation

Answer 1

-The diaphragm contracts & moves downward while the intercostal muscles contract & pull the ribs upwards, increasing the space in the chest cavity
-The lungs expand into this space reducing pressure in the chest cavity below that of atmospheric air
-Air moves from high to low pressure so it automatically enters lungs

Question 2

Exhalation

Answer 2

-The diaphragm relaxes & moves upward while the intercostal muscles relax & pull the ribs downward, decreasing the space in the chest cavity
-The lungs contract in this reduced space increasing pressure in the chest cavity above that of atmospheric air
-Air moves from high to low pressure so it automatically exits lungs

Question 3

Air travels from the nasal and mouth cavity through the ______ down the _____

Answer 3

Pharynx & Trachea

Question 4

Breakdown of Trachea Branches

Answer 4

-Trachea divides into left & right primary bronchi
-Primary bronchi branches into 3 secondary bronchi in the right & 2 in the left lung
-Secondary bronchi then branch into smaller bronchioles deep in each lung

Question 5

Where do bronchioles terminate?

Answer 5

At alveoli

Question 6

Alveoli

Answer 6

Small air sacks where gases are exchanged

Question 7

What is the purpose of respiratory airways being lined with mucous membranes & cilia?

Answer 7

Keep the airway warm & moist and help trap foreign particles

Question 8

What does mucous protect the lung from?

Answer 8

Trauma

Question 9

What does moist air help?

Answer 9

Oxygen diffusion into pulmonary capillaries

Question 10

Function of C-shaped Cartilage Rings in the Trachea

Answer 10

Provides structure that prevents collapse during breathing

Question 11

Can food pass through the esophagus?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Asthma

Answer 12

-Chronic inflammation of the airways
-Hyperactive bronchi temporarily narrow airways
-Classic symptoms of an asthma attack

Question 13

Symptoms of Asthma

Answer 13

-Coughing
-Wheezing
-Chest Tightness
-Shortness of Breath

Question 14

What Happens During an Asthma Attack?

Answer 14

-Respiratory passages inflame & smooth muscle lining (lumen) constricts, reducing air & oxygen movement through airways
-Mucous accumulates & obstructs smaller airways (bronchioles)
-Untreated, inflammation increases & smooth muscle lining spasms further constricting airway
-Inflammation & bronchoconstriction reduce airflow & oxygen into the alveoli

Question 15

There is a Cure to Asthma. True or False

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Tips to Management of Asthma

Answer 16

-Medication as prescribed
-Avoid triggers
-Monitor airflow
-Avoid respiratory infections
-Exercise
-Proper breathing techniques

Question 17

Asthma Medication: Bronchodilators

Answer 17

-Relax bronchial tubes & prevent or alleviate constriction
-Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs) (Rescue) lasts 4-6 hrs
-Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (LABAs) (Maintenance) lasts 12 or more hours

Question 18

Asthma Medication: Anti-inflammatories

Answer 18

-Prevents inflammation & swelling of bronchial tubes
-Used regularly for long-term control of asthma

Question 19

Asthma Medication: Combination Drugs

Answer 19

Provides both anti-inflammatory & long-acting beta-2 agonists in a single inhaler

Question 20

Triggers of Asthma

Answer 20

-Extreme immune system response sends white blood cells to engulf allergens or irritants
-Results in excess fluid accumulation & mucous production
-Repeated bouts promote permanent damage & further inflammation & airway constriction

Question 21

Monitor Airflow

Answer 21

-Use a peak flow meter to measure how well air moves out of lungs
-Users blow into a tube & check their score on the device
-After three attempts, the highest score is taken & compared to a standard score
-A score below the standard suggests a constricted airway & possible upcoming asthma attack

Question 22

Where are the accessory breathing muscles located?

Answer 22

-Neck
-Upper Chest
-Shoulders

Question 23

What breaks the panic cycle?

Answer 23

Pursed-lip breathing

Question 24

What type of breathers are asthmatics?

Answer 24

Shallow & rapid chest breathers

Question 25

The Panic Cycle

Answer 25

Become Stressed-> Shortness of Breath Begins-> Anxiety Starts-> Breathing Becomes Faster-> Breathing Muscles Tire-> Shortness of Breath Increases-> Anxiety Increases-> Breathing Becomes Even More Rapid-> Breathing Muscles Tire Even More

Question 26

Benefits of Proper Breathing Techniques

Answer 26

-Trains diaphragm to work properly -Reduces load on accessory breathing muscles -Prevents chest breathing

Question 27

Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB)

Answer 27

-12-15% of general population -Exercise is trigger -Develops 10-15min after start of exercise, intensity increases -Gradually resolves during activity -Post-exercise symptoms reappear after 15 min & resolve after 45-60 min

Question 28

Why does Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB) happen?

Answer 28

-As intensity increases more breathing done through the mouth -Insufficiently filtered, warmed, & moistened air passes into the deeper respiratory airways -Dries & cools the airway linings promoting further irritation, inflammation and constriction

Question 29

What to avoid if you have Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB)?

Answer 29

-Exercising in dry, cool environments -Steady state, long duration exercise

Question 30

What is a form of exercise that is ideal if you have Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB) and why?

Answer 30

Swimming because of increased warmth & humidity and horizontal position facilitates mucous removal

Question 31

There is no exercise-based guidelines for the Asthmatic population. True or False

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Benefits of Exercise

Answer 32

-Improved overall conditioning & functional capacity -Decreased hospitalizations -Decreased risk for chronic conditions -Improved psychological mood