Chapter 7: Cardiovascular Disease Exam 1

Question 1

What is the strongest amount of cases in Cardiovascular Disease?

Answer 1

Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke

Question 2

Heart Pumping Averages

Answer 2

-100,000 beats per day
-36,000,000 times per year
-2.5 billion times in average lifetime

Question 3

Heart Structure: Four Chambers

Answer 3

Two Upper Chambers (Atria) & Two Lower Chambers (Ventricles)

Question 4

Heart Structure: Four Valves

Answer 4

-Tricuspid Valve
-Bicuspid (Mitral Valve)
-Pulmonary Semi Lunar Valve
-Aortic Semi Lunar Valve

Question 5

Heart Structure: Three Arteries

Answer 5

-Right Pulmonary Artery
-Left Pulmonary Artery
-Ascending & Descending Aorta

Question 6

Heart Structure: Myocardium

Answer 6

Heart Muscle

Question 7

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 7

Deoxygenated blood on the right side

Question 8

Systemic Circulation

Answer 8

Oxygenated blood on the left side

Question 9

What is the heart beat you heard caused by?

Answer 9

The closing of the Tricuspid & Bicuspid Valves “lub” and closing of the pulmonary & aortic valves “dub”

Question 10

What is the Main Purpose of the Atria and Ventricles?

Answer 10

Reservoirs for blood

Question 11

What parts of the body are considered the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 11

Heart, Lungs, & Blood Vessels

Question 12

Purposes of the Cardiovascular System

Answer 12

-Delivers oxygen
-Removes waste products
-Transports nutrients, hormones, & enzymes
-Regulates body temp, water & pH levels
-Circulates blood

Question 13

Systolic vs. Diastolic

Answer 13

-Systole=contraction
-Diastole=Relaxation

Question 14

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 14

One cycle of Systole & Diastole

Question 15

Normal Resting Heart Rate

Answer 15

60-100 BPM

Question 16

Abnormal Rate

Answer 16

-Tachycardia= Too Fast
-Bradycardia= Too Slow

Question 17

Normal Rhythm

Answer 17

Sinus Rhythm

Question 18

Abnormal Rhythm (Arrhythmias)

Answer 18

Atria beat out of coordination with the ventricles

Question 19

Common Arrhythmias

Answer 19

-PAC’s/PVS’s
-A-Fib
-Atrial Flutter

Question 20

PAC’s/PVC’s

Answer 20

Premature Atrial or Ventricular contractions

Question 21

A-Fib

Answer 21

Atria fire rapidly at the same time causing an irregular and often rapid heart rate

Question 22

Atrial Flutter

Answer 22

Rapid contractions of the Atria

Question 23

Angina

Answer 23

Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn’t get enough oxygen-rich blood

Question 24

Cardiovascular Disease Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

Answer 24

-Race & Ethnicity
-Age
-Gender
-Genetic Factors

Question 25

Cardiovascular Disease Modifiable Risk Factors

Answer 25

-Smoking -Diabetes Mellitus -Physical Inactivity -Obesity -High Cholesterol -High BP -Alcohol Abuse -High Protein -Psychosocial Stress

Question 26

Smoking Chemicals

Answer 26

-7,000+ chemicals -250 harmful chemicals -69 cancer causing chemicals

Question 27

Hypertension

Answer 27

-Essential=no known cause(90-95%) -Secondary=due to disease process (kidney & adrenal disease) -Damages blood vessels -Contributes to CAD & atherosclerotic plaque build-up -Increase risk of aneurysm -Makes heart work harder and increases risk of heart failure

Question 28

General Aerobic Exercise Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease

Answer 28

-Frequency: at least 3, preferably up to 5 days per week -Intensity: moderate to vigorous, HITT training may be good, many ways to determine intensity -Time: progressively increase to 20-60min, warm-up & cool-down activities of 5-10min each session -Type: rhythmic, large muscle group exercise emphasizing increased caloric expenditure such as treadmill

Question 29

General Resistance Training Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease

Answer 29

-Frequency: 2-3 days with minimum 48 hrs recovery per muscle group -Intensity: 40-60% of 1RM or a weight that can be lifted 10-15 repetitions without undue fatigue (RPE 3-6) -Time: 1-3 sets of 8-10 exercises on major muscle groups, progress to multiple sets as tolerated, 1-2min rest between sets -Type: anything that provides resistance & is safe & comfortable

Question 30

Special Considerations for Stroke (CVA)

Answer 30

-Use equipment and exercises that promote safety -Start with non-weight bearing exercises and progress depending on functional and cognitive abilities -Limit top-end intensity to 70% of HRR 4-5 RPE or Talk Test

Question 31

Special Considerations for Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Answer 31

-Use moderate intensity 40-59% or 7 on 1-10 RPE scale -Use intermittent free-walking or treadmill walking with seated rest when moderate pain is reached and resume when pain is totally gone -Limit time to 30-45min excluding rest periods for at least 12 weeks & gradually progress to 60 min -2-3sets of 8-12reps -Use longer 10-15min warm-up & cool-down

Question 32

Special Considerations for Hypertension (HTN)

Answer 32

-Use moderate intensity 40%-59% of HRR, an RPE of 4-5 or the talk test -Greater than or equal to 30 min of aerobic exercise -2-4 sets of 8-12reps -Monitor BP pre/post exercise -Don't exceed SBP of 220mmHg and/or DBP of 105mmHg during exercise -Don't exercise if SBP >180 mmHg & DBP > 110mmHg -Avoid Valsalva maneuver when lifting weights

Question 33

Special Considerations for Overweight/Obesity/ Dyslipidemia/Metabolic Syndrome

Answer 33

-Weight loss of 2-3% can reduce several CVD risk factors -Focus on weight loss by maximizing caloric expenditure with exercise and reducing caloric intake through portion control -Increase duration of exercise to 60min or more per day, 5-7 days per week -2-4 sets of 8-12reps -Diet and exercise results in a 20% greater weight loss than diet restriction alone

Question 34

When should someone cease exercise and seek immediate medical attention?

Answer 34

-New or recurring angina -Unusual SOB -Unusual BP response -Heart arrhythmias -Dizziness or light-headedness

Question 35

True or False: Frequency and duration should be increased before intensity as tolerated

Answer 35

True