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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 11 (Barlow) > Flashcards

Chapter 11 (Barlow) Flashcards

1
Q

Associated with the abuse of drugs and other substances people take to alter the way they think, feel, and behave.

A

substance-related and addictive disorders

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2
Q

Represent a number of related problems that involve the inability to resist acting on a drive or temptation.

A

Impulse-control disorders

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3
Q

Refers to chemical compounds that are ingested to alter mood or behavior.

A

Substance

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4
Q

Substances that alter mood, behavior, or both.

A

Psychoactive substances

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5
Q

Ingestion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that does not significantly interfere with social, educational, or occupational functioning.

A

Substance use

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6
Q

Physiological reaction to ingested substances—drunkenness or getting high

A

Substance intoxication

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7
Q

Substance use disorder is usually described as?

A

Addiction

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8
Q

Use of increasingly greater amounts of the drug to experience the same effect (tolerance), and a negative physical response when the substance is no longer ingested (withdrawal)

A

Physiological dependence

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9
Q

The repeated use of a drug, a desperate need to ingest more of the substance (stealing money to buy drugs, standing outside in the cold to smoke), and the likelihood that use will resume after a period of abstinence are
behaviors that define the extent of substance use disorders.

A

Drug-seeking behaviors

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10
Q

Substances result in behavioral sedation and can induce relaxation.

A

Depressants

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11
Q

Substances cause us to be more active and
alert and can elevate mood

A

Stimulant

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12
Q

Major effect of these substances is to produce
analgesia temporarily (reduce pain) and euphoria

A

Opiates

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13
Q

Substances alter sensory perception
and can produce delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations.

A

Hallucinogens

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14
Q

Individuals who are unable to resist the urge to gamble which, in turn, results in negative personal consequences

A

Gambling disorder

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15
Q

Measures levels of intoxication.

A

Breathalyzer test

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16
Q

Condition that can produce frightening hallucinations and body tremors.

A

Withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens)

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17
Q

Results in confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and unintelligible speech

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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18
Q

Combination of problems that can occur in a child whose mother drank while she was pregnant.

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

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19
Q

Metabolize alcohol with the help of an enzyme called

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)

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20
Q

Drinking occasionally with few serious consequences

A

Prealcoholic stage

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21
Q

Drinking heavily but with few outward signs of a problem

A

Prodromal stage

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22
Q

Loss of control, with occasional binges

A

Crucial stage

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23
Q

Primary daily activities involve getting and drinking alcohol

A

Chronic stage

24
Q

Prescribed to help people sleep and replaced such drugs as alcohol and opium.

A

Barbiturates

25
Q

Have been used since the 1960s, primarily to reduce anxiety.

A

Benzodiazepines

26
Q

At low doses, it can induce feelings of elation and vigor and can reduce fatigue

A

Amphetamines

27
Q

Individuals experiencing exaggerated fears that he would be caught or that someone would steal his cocaine

A

Cocaine-induced paranoia

28
Q

Site in the brain that seems to be involved in the experience of pleasure

A

Pleasure pathway

29
Q

Psychoactive substance that produces patterns of dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal comparable to those of the other drugs we have discussed so far

A

Tobacco

30
Q

Refers to the family of substances that
includes natural opiates, synthetic variations, and the comparable substances that occur naturally in the brain

A

Opioids

31
Q

Regular users experience more pleasure from the drug after repeated use.

A

Reverse tolerance

32
Q

Marijuana contains more than 80 varieties of this chemicals; believed to alter mood
and behavior

A

Cannabinoids

33
Q

Referred to as “acid,” is the most common hallucinogenic drug.

A

LSD

34
Q

Constricted the flow of blood to the arms or legs and eventually resulted in gangrene and the loss of limbs.

A

Ergotism

35
Q

Users sometimes administer the drug
on a schedule of several weeks or months followed by a break from its use

A

Cycling

36
Q

Users combine several types of steroids

A

Stacking

37
Q

Act as the “brain police”

A

GABA neurons

38
Q

Holds that an increase in positive feelings will be followed shortly by an increase in
negative feelings.

A

Opponent-process theory

39
Q

Observation about the influence of how we
think about drug use

A

Expectancy effect

40
Q

Powerful urges that can interfere with efforts to remain off these drugs

A

Cravings

41
Q

Drug use is seen as a failure of self-control in
the face of temptation; this is a psychosocial perspective.

A

Moral weakness model of chemical dependence

42
Q

Assumes that drug use disorders are caused by an underlying physiological cause; this is a biological perspective.

A

Disease model of physiological dependence

43
Q

Adapt to new cultures

A

Acculturation

44
Q

Male dominance in Latin cultures

A

Machismo

45
Q

Female Latin role of motherly nurturance and identifying with the Virgin Mary

A

Marianismo

46
Q

“Loss of face” among Asians, that can lead to shame for not living up to cultural expectations

A

Tiu lien

47
Q

Continued use of certain substances changes
the way our brains work

A

Neuroplasticity

48
Q

Involves providing the person with a safe
drug that has a chemical makeup similar to the addictive drug

A

Agonist substitution

49
Q

Drug provided to smokers in the form
of gum, patch, inhaler, or nasal spray, which lack the carcinogens included in cigarette smoke

A

Nicotine

50
Q

Requires less effort and provides a steadier nicotine replacement

A

Nicotine patch

51
Q

Block or counteract the effects of psychoactive drugs, and a variety of drugs
that seem to cancel out the effects of opiates have been used with people dependent on a variety of substances

A

Antagonist drugs

52
Q

Treatment model looks at the learned aspects
of dependence and sees relapse as a failure of cognitive and behavioral coping skills

A

Relapse prevention

53
Q

People have episodes in which they act on aggressive impulses that result in serious
assaults or destruction of property

A

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

54
Q

Recurrent failure to resist urges to steal things that are not needed for personal use
or their monetary value

A

Kleptomania

55
Q

An impulse-control disorder that involves having an irresistible urge to set fires.

A

Pyromania

Abnormal Psychology (23 decks)

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