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biology year 12 a-level rev rev revision > Chapter 11 - Biodiversity > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is biodiversity ?

A

The variety of living organisms in an area

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2
Q

What are some habitat examples

A
  • treetops
  • oceans
  • sand dunes
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3
Q

What are the two way in which diversity in a habitat is measured?

A

Species richness, and species evenness

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4
Q

What does species richness mean?

A

The number of different species living in an area

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5
Q

What does species evenness mean?

A

The comparison of populations of different species living in an area

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6
Q

What does genetic biodiversity mean?

A

The number of different polymorphic alleles per gene locus

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7
Q

What does a high value in Simpsons diversity index tell you about a habitat?

A

There is a high diversity of organisms and the population should be very resistant to change

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8
Q

WhT are the three levels at which biodiversity can be considered?

A
  • habitat
  • species
  • genetic
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9
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

Sampling carried out at regular intervals

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10
Q

What is stratified sampling?

A

When the sampling is proportional to the size of each population which is determined beforehand

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11
Q

How would you calculate genetic biodiversity?

A

Number of polymorphic gene Loci / total number of gene loci

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12
Q

What is an SSSI?

A

Site of special scientific interest

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13
Q

What is ex situ conservation as opposed to in situ conservation ?

A
  • ex situ conservation is maintaining a population outside its natural habitat
  • in situ conservation is maintaining a population inside it’s natural habitat
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14
Q

When a species is extinct, what has happened to it?

A

Loss of all the members of its species

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15
Q

What does extinct in the wild mean ?

A

Loss of all members of a population in the wild, but surviving members are kept in captivity for safety.

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16
Q

What does endangered mean ?

A

When only a very limited number of the population is left alive

17
Q

What does vulnerable mean?

A

A species that is susceptible to endangerment is vulnerable

18
Q

What it CITES ?

A

conservation on international trade of endangered species

19
Q

What is CBD?

A

the convention on biological diversity

20
Q

List three factors that affect biodiversity?

A
  • Climate change
  • Human Activity
  • Agriculture
21
Q

Give three reasons why habitats and biodiversity should be maintained and preserved?

A
  • Economic
  • Aesthetic
  • Ecological
22
Q

Give five examples of In Situ conservation

A
  • national park
  • marine reserve
  • nature reserve
  • protected woodland
  • SSSI
23
Q

Give three examples of Ex Situ conservation

A
  • Botanical Gardens
  • Seed bank
  • Zoo w/ captive breeding programme
24
Q

What is CITES ?

A

Convention of international trade of endangered species.

25
Q

What is CBD?

A

Rio convention on biological diversity

- promote sustainable development

26
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

Species of organisms that play a key role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community.

27
Q

Why has the human population exploded?

A
  • Medicine improvement
  • better hygiene
  • better housing
  • more accessibility to balanced diet
28
Q

Why is the growing human population bad?

A
  • deforestation
  • more resources needed - more deforestation
  • CO2 levels increase - less trees, more humans
  • Increasing energy usage
  • Reduced biodiversity
29
Q

What is Deforestation?

A

The permanent removal of large areas of trees to make room for something other than forest.

30
Q

What are the causes of deforestation?

A
  • Acid rain - lack of photosynthesis + pH of soil is bad
  • cut down for crops
  • cut down for houses/estates/parking lot
  • forest fires - lightning / drought.
31
Q

What is the impact of agriculture on the land?

A
  • Deforestation creates monocultures of crops - low biodiversity.
  • Selective breeding - reduces genetic biodiversity.
  • Chemicals - pesticides + herbicides reduces diversity of organisms.
  • Chemical Bioaccumulation - kills tertiary consumers/ animals high in food chain - decreases diversity.

biology year 12 a-level rev rev revision (16 decks)

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