Topic 1 - Cell Structure

Question 1

What is ATP? (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Answer 1

Consists of a molecule of Ribose joined to the base Adenine and 3 phosphate groups - can be hydrolysed into ADP to make energy.

Question 2

What is the Cell Surface Membrane?

Answer 2

A phospholipid bilayer studded with proteins that surrounds cells and seperates them from their environment.

Question 3

What is the Cell Wall?

Answer 3

Permeable layer made of polysaccharides that surrounds plant + fungal cells.

Question 4

What is a Centriole?

Answer 4

A cytoplasmic structure made upof microtubules that produces spindle fibres during mitosis.

Question 5

What is a Chloroplast?

Answer 5

An organelle that contains chorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis in plants.

Question 6

What are Cilia?

Answer 6

Small hair-like protrusions that extend from the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells, that have motile and sensory functions (can move the cell and can feel things)

Question 7

What is an Electron Micrograph?

Answer 7

The image produced by a TEM or a SEM when it views a non-living specimen.

Question 8

What is a Eukaryotic Cell?

Answer 8

A type of cell that contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 9

What is an Eyepiece Graticule?

Answer 9

A scale bar inside the eyepiece of a light microscope which can be calibrated against a ruler to measure structures.

Question 10

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 10

An organelle found in Eukaryotic Cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins into vesicles.

Question 11

What are Lysosomes?

Answer 11

Membrane-bound vesicles in the cytoplasm of cells that contains a hydrolytic enzyme called Lysozyme.

Question 12

What is Magnification?

Answer 12

Calculated using Image = Actual Size x Magnification

Question 13

What are Mitochrondria?

Answer 13

An organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that is the site of aerobic respiration.

Question 14

What is the Nuclear Envelope?

Answer 14

A double membrane which surrounds the nucleus.

Question 15

What is the Nucleolus?

Answer 15

The structure within the nucleus that contains proteins and RNA and is involved in snythesizing new ribosomes.

Question 16

What is the Nucleus?

Answer 16

An organelle found in Eukaryotic Cells that stores the genetic information of the cell as chromosomes and is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope.

Question 17

What is the Plasmodesmata?

Answer 17

Microscopic Channels between plant cell walls that facilitate symplastic transport.

Question 18

What are Prokaryotic Cells?

Answer 18

A type of cell that doesn’t have any membrane-bound organelles or a nucleus.

Question 19

What is Resolution?

Answer 19

The ability to distinguish 2 different points on a specimen

Question 20

What are Ribosomes?

Answer 20

Organelles found in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum that are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 21

What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 21

A membrane-bound organelle which contains ribosomes which is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins.

Question 22

What is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 22

A membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis.

Question 23

What is a Transmission Electron Microscope?

Answer 23

Type of electron microscope that passes non-living specimens through a beam of electrons to produce an image.

Question 24

What is a Scanning Electron Microscope?

Answer 24

Type of electron microscope that passes a beam of electrons over a non-living specimen to produce an image.

Question 25

What is a Tonoplast?

Answer 25

The lipid bilayer that surrounds a permanent vacuole.

Question 26

What is a permanent vacuole?

Answer 26

A membrane-bound structure that is found in plant cells that contains cell sap.

Question 27

What is a Virus?

Answer 27

A non-living microorganism that consists of genetic material surrounded by a protein husk.