Chapter 11: Cardiovascular system Flashcards by Brett Kitterman

Largest artery in the body

Aorta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lower tip of the heart

Apex of the heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Small artery

Arteriole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

Artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Specialized muscle fibers, connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

Atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His (pronounced “hiss”))

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node, and the atrioventricular bundle or bundle of His toward the ventricles.

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

One of two upper chambers of the heart

Atrium (plural: atria)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Smallest type of blood vessel. Materials passed to, and from the bloodstream through these thin walls.

Capillary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two common arteries located on each side of the neck branch from the aorta and provide blood sugar, head, neck and brain. Comes from a Greek word meaning stupor because pressure on these arteries produced unconsciousness.

Carotid arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

Coronary arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blood that is oxygen-poor

Deoxygenated blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relaxation phase of the heartbeat

Diastole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Record of the electrical activity of the heart. The electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T.

Electrocardiogram

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inner lining of the heart

Endocardium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Innermost lining of blood vessels

Endothelium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Valve between the left atrium, and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

Mitral valve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

Murmur

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Muscular middle layer of the heart

Myocardium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 bpm

Normal sinus rhythm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

Oxygen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat.

Pacemaker (sinoatrial node)

(an artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

Pericardium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

Pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

Pulmonary circulation

Valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Pulmonary valve

One of two pairs of vessels, carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Pulmonary vein

Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

Pulse

Partition or wall dividing a cavity

Septum (plural: septa) such as between the right and left atria (interstitial septum) and right and left ventricles (interventricular septum)

Pacemaker of the heart

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

Instrument to measure blood pressure

sphygmomanometer

Flow of blood from body tissue to the heart, and then from the heart back to body tissues

Systemic circulation

Contraction phase of the heartbeat

Systole

Located between the right atrium, and the right ventricle; it has three leaflets or cusps

Tricuspid valve

Structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

Valve

Thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body, tissues and lungs back to the heart. Contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.

Vein

Largest vein in the body. The superior and inferior _________ return blood to the right atrium of the heart.

Vena cava (plural: venae cavae)

One of two lower chambers of the heart

Ventricle

Small vein

Venule

angi/o

Vessel

aort/o

Aorta

arter/o, arteri/o

Artery

ather/o

Yellowish plaque, fatty substance

atri/o

Atrium, upper heart chamber

brachi/o

Arm

cardi/o

Heart

cholesterol/o

Cholesterol (a lipid substance)

coron/o

Heart

cyan/o

Blue

myx/o

Mucus

ox/o

Oxygen

pericardi/o

Pericardium

phleb/o

Vein

rrhythm/o

Rhythm

Sphygm/o

Pulse

steth/o

Chest

thromb/o

Clot

valvul/o, valv/o

Valve

vas/o

Vessel

vascul/o

Vessel

ven/o, ven/i

Vein

ventricul/o

Ventricle, lower heart chamber

Abnormal heart rhythms

Arrhythmias

Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)

bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)

Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

Flutter

Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart

Fibrillation (350 beats or more per minute)

Abnormalities in the heart at birth

Congenital heart disease

Congenital anomaly in the heart: narrowing of the aorta

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA)

Congenital anomaly in the heart: passageway between the aorta, and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth

Parent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Congenital anomaly in the heart: small holes in the wall between the atria, or the ventricles

Septal defects

Congenital anomaly in the heart: congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects

tetralogy of Fallot - pulmonary artery stenosis - ventricular septal defect - shift of the aorta to the right - hypertrophy of the right ventricle

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

Endocarditis

High blood pressure affecting the heart

Hypertensive heart disease

Improper closure of the mitral valve

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Extra heart sound, heard between normal beats

Murmur

Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart

Pericarditis

Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

Rheumatic heart disease

Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall

Aneurysm

Blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

High blood pressure

Hypertension (HTN)

Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily and fingers and toes

Raynaud (ra-NO) disease

Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs

Varicose veins

Chapter 11: Cardiovascular system Flashcards

(85 cards)