Chapter 11 - E3

Question 1

What is typically expressed as the number of mutational events per gene (or base pair) in each generation (or cell division)?

Answer 1

Mutation rates

Question 2

The larger the organism (larger the genomes), the ________ the mutation rates.

Answer 2

The larger the organism, the higher the mutation rates.

Question 3

Genes with elevated mutation rates are called

Answer 3

hotspots of mutation

Question 4

What is the central dogma of biology?

Answer 4

DNA is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase and the mRNA is translated by the ribosome into a protein.

Question 5

What type of mutation are single nucleotide substitutions that change one nucleotide base in a gene to another nucleotide base?

Answer 5

Point mutations

Question 6

What type of mutation is the removal or insertion of one or more base pairs of DNA?

Answer 6

Deletions or insertions

Question 7

What type of mutation are repositions on the same or different chromosomes?

Answer 7

Inversions or translocations

Question 8

What is a transition mutation?

Answer 8

Going from a purine (GA) to purine or pyrimidine (TC) to pyrimidine

Question 9

What is a transversion mutation?

Answer 9

Going from a purine to pyrimidine or vice versa

Question 10

What is a missense mutation?

Answer 10

A nucleotide change that results in an amino acid substitution

Question 11

What is a nonsense mutation?

Answer 11

A nucleotide change that results in a translational terminal codon
- Stop translation