Chapter 3 - E1

Question 1

Products of Mitosis

Answer 1

Produces 2 identical daughter somatic cells

Question 2

What is included interphase?

Answer 2

G1, G0, S, and G2

Question 3

Characteristic of G1?

Answer 3

High levels of gene expression

Question 4

S (synthesis phase) characteristics

Answer 4

Where DNA replication occurs

Question 5

G0 characteristics

Answer 5

Where cells express their genetic information and carry out normal function but do not replicate

Question 6

G2 characteristics

Answer 6

Preparation for cell division

Question 7

M phase substages

Answer 7

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase/Cytokinesis

Question 8

Karyokinesis

Answer 8

Equal partitioning of the chromosomal material into the nuclei of 2 daughter cells

Question 9

Cytokinesis

Answer 9

Equal partitioning of the cytoplasmic contents into 2 daughter cells

Question 10

Centromere

Answer 10

Specialized DNA sequence on each chromosome where sister chromatids are joined together

Question 11

What occurs in Prophase?

Answer 11

Chromosome condensation begins
Centrosomes migrate toward opposite poles
Microtubules extend to form a partial mitotic spindle

Question 12

What occurs in Prometaphase?

Answer 12

Centrosomes extend microtubules that attach to kinetochores of chromosome centromeres
Chromosomes move toward the middle

Question 13

What occurs in Metaphase?

Answer 13

Chromosomes are fully condensed and are aligned so that the sister chromatids lie on either side of the metaphase plate
- Kinetochore, nonkinetochore, and astrial tubules are fully extended

Question 14

What occurs in Anaphase?

Answer 14

Sister chromatid seperation trhgouh the breakdown of cohesin

Daughter chromosomes move toward opposite poles

Question 15

What occurs in Telophase/Cytokinesis?

Answer 15

Cells are elongated

Cytokinesis diveds the cytoplasm to create 2 new cells

Question 16

How to spindle fiber microtubules elongate?

Answer 16

Through the addition of tubulin subunits

Question 17

Where do the - and + ends anchor?

Answer 17

• end anchors at the centrosome

+ end grows away from the centrosome

Question 18

What is the role of cohesin?

Answer 18

Coats sister chromatics (most concentrated near the centrosomes)
Hold the chromosomes together to reduce the pull of the kinetochore

Question 19

Definition of disjunction

Answer 19

Seperation of chromosomes

Question 20

What are the four checkpoints?

Answer 20

G1, S, G2, and Metaphase

Question 21

Products of Meiosis

Answer 21

4 haploid gametes

Question 22

Events that occur in Meiosis 1

Answer 22

Homologous chromosomes pair
Crossing over occurs
Segregation of the homologous chromosomes (reduces it to haploid number)

Question 23

Events that occur in Meiosis 2

Answer 23

Sister chromatids seperate

Produces 4 genetically distinct haploid cells

Question 24

What is SRY?

Answer 24

Sex determining region of the Y gene in human males

- inhibits femaleness

Question 25

What is a Barr Body?

Answer 25

Inactivated X chromosome when too many X's are present | - Random X-inactivation hypothesis

Question 26

What are kinesin motor proteins?

Answer 26

Use ATP hydrolysis to physically move toward the plus end

Question 27

What are dynein motor proteins?

Answer 27

Move toward the minus end

Question 28

Role of separase

Answer 28

Cleave the cohesin complex to promote chromatid seperation

Question 29

Chiasma

Answer 29

Contact points between homologous chromosomes where recombination has already occurred

Question 30

What does TDF do?

Answer 30

Stimulates transcription of genes needed for Wolffian duct development into male reproductive tissues