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Flashcards in chapter 11 final review Deck (29)
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1
Q

What did the Aztec Priests keep telling the leaders, during the final siege of Tenochtitlan?

A

They kept saying that if the Aztecs continue their sacrifices and prayers, the gods would lead them to victory.

2
Q

What did some of the Aztecs think after the war?

A

Many of them felt that the gods had abandoned them.

3
Q

What did Cortes write to King Carlos about?

A

He wrote asking him to send religious persons, of goodly life and character.

4
Q

What happened 3 years after the conquest?

A

Three years later after the conquest, priest dressed in plain grey robes of the Franciscan order came off Spanish ships at Veracruz.

5
Q

What did Franciscan priests vow to do?

A

They vowed to never get married, to live in forest conditions, nd always to obey their supervisors without questions.

6
Q

What did the priests do?

A

They walked barefoot through jungles and over the mountains to mexico city(former Tenochtitlan), when they got there Hernan Cortes knelt down and kissed the hem of each of the priests robes.

7
Q

Why were the Aztecs amazed at Hernan Cortes kneeling down and kissing the hems of the priests’ robes?

A

The Aztecs were amazed because they had never seen a conquistador tread anyone with that much respect.

8
Q

What did the Franciscans and other missionaries gradually do to the Aztecs?

A

They gradually converted the surviving Aztecs to the Aztecs faith.

9
Q

What did they do to the temples and codices?

A

They destroyed the Aztec temples and burned all the Aztec codices they could find.

10
Q

What else did the Aztecs lose, along with the indigenous people?

A

They lost things that had a spiritual and religious importance.

11
Q

What were the Aztecs forced to change, besides religion?

A

They were forced into a new economic system.

12
Q

Describe the land the Aztecs worked on.

A

Each piece of land was allotted a number of Aztec workers, the Spanish didn’t pay the workers, but in theory, they had legal rights. The landowners were supposed to treat them well and educate them in the Christian religion. But many landowners abused their workers.

13
Q

What did the Spanish crown do to prevent landowners from abusing the Aztec workers?

A

They passed laws to stop the abuses, but the colonies were so far away that the laws had little effect.

14
Q

Who was in each social level?

A
15
Q

What did Jacques Cartier do?

A

He planted a cross on the Gaspe Peninsula and took control of Canada in the name of the King for France, just as Cortes called Mexico “New Spain” Cartier named Canada “New France.”

16
Q

What did Cortes’s men threaten to do, and why?

A

Cortes’s men threatened to rebel, because in Cuba before setting out for Mexico, Cortes had promised to make them rich, they had seen Montezuma’s treasure rooms but most of that treasure had been sent back to Spain. They had been fighting for years with no pay except what they could take in battles from the Aztecs.

17
Q

What did Cortes do after his men threatened to rebel?

A

Cortes agreed and wrote to Spain asking for their payment.

18
Q

What was Cortes’s goal?

A

His goal was to stay in Mexico and make it a colony of the Spanish Empire. He needed his fighting men to help him in this mission, so he was worried that if they rebelled he couldn’t make the colony.

19
Q

What were the 2 policies that Cortes put into place?

A

The Encomienda:

  • Marriage Law: Every Spaniard in New Spain either had to bring his wife over from Spain or marry an Indigenous woman. Any man who did not have a wife within six months would lose his Encomienda.
20
Q

What did King Carlos doing following those rules?

A

King Carlos, 1 banned the encomienda system on moral grounds.

21
Q

Who was Don Antonio de Mendoza?

A

He was the first viceroy or royal representative after Cortes got the governorship of New Spain taken away from him.

22
Q

Why did King Carlos take away Cortes’s authority?

A

He took it away because Cortes was busy turning his soldiers into settlers.

23
Q

What did the King fear about Cortes?

A

He feared that Cortes would declare himself king of the colony he had founded and separate from Spain.

24
Q

Even though the new colony was making Spain extremely wealthy, what were some of the Downsides in New Spain?

A

The people of new Spain could see that what was good for the king wasn’t good for them. The colony was making Spain wealthy, but the actual colony had a shortage of good roads, schools, and housing.

25
Q

What happened to Mexico in 1821?

A

Mexico became independent from Spain.

26
Q

Modern Mexico’s culture is a fusion of what?

A

A mix of indigenous, mestizo, and Spanish traditions.

27
Q

Where was it easiest to trace the way these different cultures came together?

A

Roman Catholic churches of Mexico.

28
Q

Who was Frida Kahlo?

A

She was the daughter of a mestizo mother and a German father. She was a skilled and influential painter, from a young age she was fascinated by Mexican folk art and sculpture and architecture of the country’s indigenous people.

29
Q

Who was Octavio Paz?

A

He was the best known Mexican writer. He believed that only by studying the history of Mexico’s indigenous people can someone understand what was happening in present-day Mexico. He looked at Aztec culture for inspiration.